Data in Brief 43 (2022) 108417 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Data in Brief journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/dib Data Article Morphometric and topographic data of small and medium size landforms in the Northern Circumpolar Region of Mars Marina Sánchez-Bayton a , ∗, Miguel Herraiz a , b , Patrick Martin c , Beatriz Sánchez-Cano d , ∗, Erwan Tréguier c , Akos Kereszturi e , f a Department of Physics of the Earth and Astrophysics, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain b Instituto de Matemática Interdisciplinar (IMI), Madrid, Spain c ESAC (European Space Astronomy Centre), ESA (European Space Agency), Villanueva de la Cañada, Spain d School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom e Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Konkoly Thege Miklos Astronomical Institute, Hungary f European Astrobiology Institute, Hungary a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Received 24 February 2022 Revised 14 June 2022 Accepted 20 June 2022 Available online 24 June 2022 Dataset link: Small and medium size landforms in Scandia Cavi and Olympia Undae. (Original data) Keywords: Mars Northern polar region Volcanic landforms Impact craters Morphometric and topographic data Scandia Cavi Olympia Undae Mars Express Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter a b s t r a c t A substantial dataset containing topographic landforms at Olympia Undae and Scandia Cavi in the Northern circumpolar region of Mars was created by Sanchez-Bayton et al. (2022) [1] . This dataset contains the essential morphometric param- eters of 200 small and medium-size landforms. In particu- lar, it includes cratered, non-cratered, and complex irregular structures. Experimental Data Records (EDR) were obtained from the Mars Express, Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, and Mars Global Surveyor missions, and the analysed dataset was produced thanks to the Java Mission-planning and Analysis for Remote Sensing (JMARS) software. This dataset consti- tutes a significant improvement in the characterisation of the small and medium-size topographic structures in the North- ern circumpolar region of Mars and it contributes towards better understanding of the Northern circumpolar area. This dataset is of great value for modellers and other studies of the Martian surface processes, related to volcanic structures, ∗ Corresponding author. E-mail addresses: marinasanchezbayton@ucm.es (M. Sánchez-Bayton), bscmdr1@leicester.ac.uk (B. Sánchez-Cano). Social media: @MarinaBayton (M. Sánchez-Bayton), @BSCRedrojo (B. Sánchez-Cano) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2022.108417 2352-3409/© 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2022.108417 http://www.ScienceDirect.com http://www.elsevier.com/locate/dib http://crossmark.crossref.org/dialog/?doi=10.1016/j.dib.2022.108417&domain=pdf https://leicester.figshare.com/articles/dataset/Small_and_medium_size_landforms_in_Scandia_Cavi_and_Olympia_Undae_/16822300 mailto:marinasanchezbayton@ucm.es mailto:bscmdr1@leicester.ac.uk https://twitter.com/MarinaBayton https://twitter.com/MarinaBayton https://twitter.com/https://twitter.com/BSCRedrojo https://twitter.com/https://twitter.com/BSCRedrojo https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2022.108417 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 2 M. Sánchez-Bayton, M. Herraiz and P. Martin et al. / Data in Brief 43 (2022) 108417 aeolian processes driving to erosion or deposition, sublima- tion and subglacial processes, and several impact events. © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ) S pecifications Table Subject Space and Planetary Science Specific subject area Geophysics of the Northern circumpolar region of Mars Type of data Files Images How the data were acquired Data presented here are geophysical morphometric products from orbital images and topographic profiles of the 200 small and medium-size geological landforms analysed in [1] at the Northern circumpolar region of Mars. In particular, data come from latitudes 72 °−80 ° N and 150 °−230 ° E, which includes a small part of Olympia Undae (68.500 km2) and a large area of Scandia Cavi (302.810 km2). Reduced Data Records (RDR) from satellite data include 221 nadir images of level 3 (photometrically normalised) from the High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) [2 , 3] onboard Mars Express, 51 from the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) [4] and 2015 from the Context Camera (CTX) [5] onboard Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. Analysed data include elevation and slope topographic profiles, topographic maps, and 2D/3D views of the 200 landforms from digital elevation and terrain models (DEM/DTM) obtained from data from the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) [6] onboard Mars Global Surveyor. These profiles are acquired with the JMARS (Java Mission-planning and Analysis for Remote Sensing) Open Access software [7] , which is a geospatial information system that provides data-analysis tools for Mars missions. Data format Reduced Data Records (RDR) Analysed Description of data collection RDR data acquired and analysed from the surface of Mars using the space missions Mars Express, Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Mars Global Surveyor. The RDR datasets are obtained from the NASA Planetary Data System and the ESA Planetary Science Archive. It consists on images taken by these three spacecraft at Mars, as well as elevation profiles of the topography of Mars taken from orbit with the instrument MOLA on Mars Global Surveyor. The analysed dataset contains topographic information together with processed orbital images using the software JMARS [7] . Data source location Location: Mars. Scandia Cavi and Olympia Undae regions of the Martian Northern polar area.RDR data source: - HRSC images: http://archives.esac.esa.int/psa/ftp/MARS-EXPRESS/HRSC/ - MOLA dataset: https://pds- geosciences.wustl.edu/mgs/mgs- m- mola- 1- aedr- l0- v1/mgsl _ 1xxx/data/ - HiRISE and CTX images: https://pds-imaging.jpl.nasa.gov/volumes/mro.html Analysed dataset: - https://leicester.figshare.com/articles/dataset/Small _ and _ medium _ size _ landforms _ in _ Scandia _ Cavi _ and _ Olympia _ Undae _ /16822300 - Supplementary information file Data accessibility Experimental Data Records are publically available at the NASA Planetary Data System and the ESA Planetary Science Archive: - HRSC images: http://archives.esac.esa.int/psa/ftp/MARS-EXPRESS/HRSC/ - MOLA dataset: https://pds- geosciences.wustl.edu/mgs/mgs- m- mola- 1- aedr- l0- v1/mgsl _ 1xxx/data/ - HiRISE and CTX images: https://pds-imaging.jpl.nasa.gov/volumes/mro.html ( continued on next page ) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://archives.esac.esa.int/psa/ftp/MARS-EXPRESS/HRSC/ https://pds-geosciences.wustl.edu/mgs/mgs-m-mola-1-aedr-l0-v1/mgsl_1xxx/data/ https://pds-imaging.jpl.nasa.gov/volumes/mro.html https://leicester.figshare.com/articles/dataset/Small_and_medium_size_landforms_in_Scandia_Cavi_and_Olympia_Undae_/16822300 http://archives.esac.esa.int/psa/ftp/MARS-EXPRESS/HRSC/ https://pds-geosciences.wustl.edu/mgs/mgs-m-mola-1-aedr-l0-v1/mgsl_1xxx/data/ https://pds-imaging.jpl.nasa.gov/volumes/mro.html M. Sánchez-Bayton, M. Herraiz and P. Martin et al. / Data in Brief 43 (2022) 108417 3 Analysed data (RDR) are available with the article and data repository.Data identification number: 10.25392/leicester.data.16822300.v1 Direct URL to data [8] : https://leicester.figshare.com/articles/dataset/Small _ and _ medium _ size _ landforms _ in _ Scandia _ Cavi _ and _ Olympia _ Undae _ /16822300 . There is also a Supplementary information file to this article Related research article M. Sánchez-Bayton, M. Herraiz, P. Martin, B. Sánchez-Cano, E. Tréguier, A. Kereszturi, Morphological analyses of small and medium size landforms in Scandia Cavi and Olympia Undae, Northern Circumpolar Region of Mars, Planetary and Space Science. 2021, 210, 105389, ISSN 0032–0633, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2021.105389 . Value of the Data • This dataset contributes towards a better understanding and characterization of the Northern circumpolar area of Mars, particularly Scandia Cavi and Olympia Undae terrains. • This dataset characterises small and medium-size topographic structures most of them not studied before in the Northern polar region of Mars, including cratered, non-cratered, and complex irregular structures. • Several of the structures involve subsurface processes such as volcanic activity, aeolian pro- cesses driving to erosion or deposition, sublimation and subglacial processes, and several im- pact events. 1. Data Description All the files and images presented here contain the details and morphological data of the 200 small-medium size structures of [1] . In particular, this dataset contains files, and 3D topographic views in this document as described hereafter: 1.1. Data files 1.1.1. File “NorthPole_Landforms.jmars” File to be opened with the Open Access Software JMARS [7] . It contains a geographic map of the Northern Polar region of Mars with the 200 analysed structures. This map was used to produce Figs. 1 and 5 in [1] . The contour of each of the structures is marked with a black solid line, and their areas with different colours. In particular, green is used for Cratered Cones (CC), orange for Impact Craters (IC), yellow for Undifferentiated Craters (UC), light pink for Simple Domes (SD), purple for Peaked Domes (PD), and light blue for Irregular Structures (IS). Each structure has the same identification number than in [1] . The latitude and longitude of each of the structures is available. Moreover, each user is allowed to add additional layers to this map for further studies. The number of available layers in JMARS is large, including magnetic field data, surface and surface radar data or topographic data amongst many other possibilities. 1.1.2. File “Landforms.csv” This is a general file that contains the length of several profiles that cross a structure as well as the longitude, latitude, bent slopes and altimetry of those profiles for every structure. This file has been created with the intention of facilitating access to the altimetry and slope data of all structures in a single file. https://doi.org/10.25392/leicester.data.16822300.v1 https://leicester.figshare.com/articles/dataset/Small_and_medium_size_landforms_in_Scandia_Cavi_and_Olympia_Undae_/16822300 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2021.105389 4 M. Sánchez-Bayton, M. Herraiz and P. Martin et al. / Data in Brief 43 (2022) 108417 1 t t t i " i s R a a f w W fi 1 T m f d s e H s 2 t t i d a a a r 2 c s y a .1.3. Files in folders named “CC, IC, IS, PD, SD and UC” These folders contain 1208 files that contain the individual profiles performed for each struc- ure. In particular, those named "ZZ-XX-Y", where ZZ is the name of the folder (or type of struc- ure), XX is the number that identifies the given structure, and Y is the number that identifies he altimetry and bent slope profiles over each structure. It contains the length, longitude, lat- tude, bent slopes and elevation 0above 59 ° N of each profile per structure. Those named as ZZ-XX-K", where ZZ is the name of the folder (or type of structure), XX is the number that dentifies the structure, and K is a letter that identifies different altimetry profiles over each tructure. It contains the length, longitude, latitude, elevation and shaded relief. MOLA High esolution Shaded Relief Maps are very high resolution topographic shade maps of Mars that re produced from the MOLA Science Team. Polar views are in a polar stereographic projection nd have a resolution of 300 or 600 m. The grayscale maps are gradients from 30 ° clockwise rom the top of the rectangle, then normalized by an arctangent function, and finally, merged ith topographic colour contours to produce images using the Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) . e note that Shape files (.shp) are not included but can be downloaded from the JMARS map le ( Section 1.1 )”. .2. 3D topographic views Fig. 1 contains an example of 3D view analysis performed to the data for a single structure. he same 3D view for the 200 structures presented in [1] can be found in the Supplementary aterial. For each of the structures, panel (a) shows a 3D view from JMARS where the altimetry rom MOLA and either HRSC, HiRISE or CTX images have been over-plotted. Two profiles are rawn that correspond to the data archived in [8] . The 3D views in JMARS are created using the tandard deviation mode of the dataset to draw the vertical scaling. They also have a 10 vertical xaggeration and 128 pixels per degree (PPD). Panels (b) and (c) show the MOLA elevation and RSC MOLA blended DEM slope (200 m) [9] of the profiles in panel (a), respectively. Panel (d) hows the same as panel (a) but in 2D. . Experimental Design, Materials and Methods Data presented here are geophysical morphometric products derived from orbital images and opographic profiles of the 200 small and medium-size geological landforms analysed in [1] in he Northern circumpolar region of Mars. 23 structures are situated in Olympia Undae and 177 n Scandia Cavi. The first step consisted of selecting the structures for study and corroborate that enough ata was available using the DEM/DTM data in JMARS. This included topographic observations nd high quality orbital images. Then, structures with and without craters were separated and grid of MOLA topographic elevation profiles were retrieved from each structure using JMARS s a blend of the DEM/DTM data derived from MOLA and orbital images data. Using all these etrieval profiles in a gridding and surface mapping software as well as in JMARS and MatLab, D and 3D views of each landform were created, which provided the main geomorphological haracteristics of the structures, such as the shortest and longest crater diameters, crater depths, hortest and longest basal diameters and heights from the base of the structures. From the anal- sis of all these parameters, the 6 different categories of structures were created, as described nd discussed in [1] . http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/gmt/ M. Sánchez-Bayton, M. Herraiz and P. Martin et al. / Data in Brief 43 (2022) 108417 5 Fig. 1. Structure IC-01 as example of analysis performed and stored in the supplementary material. (a) 3D view from JMARS where the altimetry from MOLA and CTX images have been over-plotted. Two profiles are drawn that correspond to the data archived in [8] . (b-c) Elevation and slope of the profiles in panel (a), respectively. (d) Same as in (a) but in 2D. 6 M. Sánchez-Bayton, M. Herraiz and P. Martin et al. / Data in Brief 43 (2022) 108417 E o C H S t e D t D ( A t b R a S d R [ [ [ [ thics Statements Ethics statements are not required for the presented data. This work did not consider the use f human, animal subjects or social media sources. RediT Author Statement Marina Sánchez-Bayton: Conceptualization, Methodology, Formal analysis, Software; Miguel erraiz: Conceptualization, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing; Patrick Martin: upervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing; Beatriz Sánchez-Cano: Supervision, Valida- ion, Data Curation, Writing – review & editing; Erwan Tréguier: Validation, Writing – review & diting; Akos Kereszturi: Validation, Writing – review & editing. eclaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal rela- ionships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. ata Availability Small and medium size landforms in Scandia Cavi and Olympia Undae (Original data) Figshare). cknowledgments For this research, MH was funded by the Spanish project RTI2018–094827-B-C21, BS-C by he UK-STFC Ernest Rutherford Fellowship ST/V004115/1 and STFC grant ST/W0 0 089X/1, and AK y the NKFIH GINOP-2.3.2–15–2016–0 0 0 03 project. The Java Mission-planning and Analysis for emote Sensing (JMARS) tool from the NASA/JPL-Caltech/Arizona State University is gratefully cknowledged. upplementary Materials Supplementary material associated with this article can be found in the online version at oi: 10.1016/j.dib.2022.108417 . eferences 1] M. Sánchez-Bayton, M. Herraiz, P. Martin, B. Sánchez-Cano, E. Tréguier, A. Kereszturi, Morphological analyses of small and medium size landforms in Scandia Cavi and Olympia Undae, Northern Circumpolar Region of Mars, Planet. Space Sci. 210 (2022) 105389 ISSN 0032-0633, doi: 10.1016/j.pss.2021.105389 . 2] G. Neukum, R. Jaumann, HRSC Co-Investigator and Experiment Team, HRSC: the High Resolution Stereo Camera of Mars Express, in: A. Wilson (Ed.), Mars Express: The scientific Payload, ESA, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, 2004, pp. 17–35. https://www.esa.int/esapub/sp/sp1240/sp1240web.pdf . 3] J.G. Neukum, R. Jaumann, H. Hoffmann, E. Hauber, J.W. Head, A.T. Basilevsky, B.A. Ivanov, S.C. Werner, S. Van Gasselt, J.B. Murray, T. McCord, Recent and episodic volcanic and glacial activity on Mars revealed by the High Resolution Stereo Camera, Nature 432 (2004) 971–979, doi: 10.1038/nature03231 . 4] A.S. McEwen, M.E. Banks, N. Baugh, K. Becker, A. Boyd, et al., The High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) during MRO’s Primary Science Phase (PSP), Icarus 205 (1) (2010) 2–37 ISSN 0019-1035, doi: 10.1016/j.icarus. 2009.04.023 . https://leicester.figshare.com/articles/dataset/Small_and_medium_size_landforms_in_Scandia_Cavi_and_Olympia_Undae_/16822300 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004347 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2022.108417 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2021.105389 https://www.esa.int/esapub/sp/sp1240/sp1240web.pdf https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03231 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2009.04.023 M. Sánchez-Bayton, M. Herraiz and P. Martin et al. / Data in Brief 43 (2022) 108417 7 [5] M. Malin, J. Bell, B. Cantor, M. Caplinger, W. Calvin, T. Clancy, K. Edgett, L. Edwards, R. Haberle, P. James, S. Lee, M. Ravine, P. Thomas, M. Wolff, Contex Camera Investigation on board the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, J. Geophys. Res. (E05S04) (2007) 112, doi: 10.1029/2006JE002808 . [6] D.E. Smith, M. Zuber, H. Frey, J. Garvin, J. Head, D. Muhleman, G. Pettengill, R. Phillips, S. Solomon, H. Zwally, W. Banerdt, T. Duxbury, M. Golombek, F. Lemoine, G. Neumann, D. Rowlands, O. Aharonson, P. Ford, A. Ivanov, C. Johnson, P. McGovern, J. Abshire, R. Afzal, X. Sun, Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter: experiment summary after the first year of global mapping of Mars, J. Geophys. Res. 106 (E10) (2001) 23689–23722, doi: 10.1029/20 0 0JE0 01364 . [7] Christensen, P.R.; Engle, E.; Anwar, S.; Dickenshied, S.; Noss, D.; Gorelick, N.; Weiss-Malik, M.; JMARS – A Planetary GIS, http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009AGUFMIN22A..06C . [8] Miguel Herraiz, Marina Sanchez-Bayton, Patrick Martin, Beatriz Sanchez-Cano, Erwan Tréguier, Akos Kereszturi, Small and Medium Size Landforms in Scandia Cavi and Olympia Undae, University of Leicester. Dataset, 2021, doi: 10.25392/ leicester.data.16822300.v1 . [9] Fergason, R.L., Hare, T.M., & Laura, J. (2018). HRSC and MOLA Blended Digital Elevation Model at 200 m v2. Astroge- ology PDS Annex, U.S. Geological Survey. http://bit.ly/HRSC _ MOLA _ Blend _ v0 . https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JE002808 https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JE001364 http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009AGUFMIN22A..06C https://doi.org/10.25392/leicester.data.16822300.v1 http://bit.ly/HRSC_MOLA_Blend_v0 Morphometric and topographic data of small and medium size landforms in the Northern Circumpolar Region of Mars Specifications Table Value of the Data 1 Data Description 1.1 Data files 1.1.1 File “NorthPole_Landforms.jmars” 1.1.2 File “Landforms.csv” 1.1.3 Files in folders named “CC, IC, IS, PD, SD and UC” 1.2 3D topographic views 2 Experimental Design, Materials and Methods Ethics Statements CRediT Author Statement Declaration of Competing Interest Data Availability Acknowledgments Supplementary Materials References