Data in Brief 34 (2021) 106681 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Data in Brief journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/dib Data Article A dataset with complete geographic distributions of eight zonal monospecific forest types in mainland Spain Rut Sánchez de Dios a , Maria E. Sanjuán b , Helios Sainz c , Alberto Ruiz b , Jaime Martínez Valderrama b , 1 , Gabriel del Barrio b , ∗ a Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 12 José Antonio Novais St., 28040 Madrid, Spain b Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, CSIC, Sacramento Rd., 04120 La Cañada de San Urbano, Almería, Spain c Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Darwin St., Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Received 23 November 2020 Revised 16 December 2020 Accepted 17 December 2020 Available online 26 December 2020 Keywords: European Union nature information system Korcak exponent Natura 20 0 0 network Segmented regression a b s t r a c t Distribution area and surface are both parameters of paramount importance for habitat management, monitoring and conservation. Here we present the distribution of eight zonal forest types of mainland Spain that are consistent with the Habitat Types (HT) listed in Annex I of the European Union Habitats Directive 92/43 EC. Their dominant species and HT codes are Fagus sylvatica (9120, 9130 and 9150), Quer- cus robur and Q. pyrenaica (9230), Q. suber (9330), Pinus unci- nata (9430), P. nigra ssp. salzmannii (9530) and P. pinea (sub- set of 9540). These distributions are based on tesserae from the 1:50,0 0 0 Spanish Forest Map and are the result of sort- ing assisted by supplementary databases. The distributions are presented as vector coverages, and provide three infor- mation levels of increasing detail: geographic distribution, basic forest type and structural forest patch. Two R scripts are also included with the dataset. They implement a seg- mented regression approach to investigate forest fragmenta- tion on these or other patch-like data. DOI of original article: 10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118788 ∗ Corresponding author. E-mail address: gabriel@eeza.csic.es (G. del Barrio). 1 Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramón Margalef”, Universidad de Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig Rd., 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2020.106681 2352-3409/© 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2020.106681 http://www.ScienceDirect.com http://www.elsevier.com/locate/dib http://crossmark.crossref.org/dialog/?doi=10.1016/j.dib.2020.106681&domain=pdf https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118788 mailto:gabriel@eeza.csic.es https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2020.106681 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 2 R. Sánchez de Dios, M.E. Sanjuán and H. Sainz et al. / Data in Brief 34 (2021) 106681 © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ) S V 1 f p pecifications Table Subject Nature and Landscape Conservation Specific subject area Biogeography and spatial distribution of habitat types Type of data Geospatial: vector coverages in shapefile format How data were acquired 1) Basic forest types found by progressive sorting of two implementations of the 1:50,0 0 0 scale Mapa Forestal de España [Spanish Forest Map] MFE50, supplemented by other databases. 2) Such basic types aggregated to Habitat Types meeting the definitions in the EU Habitat Directive, Annex 1. Data format Filtered (see above entry and References for the raw data) Parameters for data collection Monospecific forest types: tree canopy density over 10% and dominant species prevalence over 70% Description of data collection Each coverage corresponds to a EU Habitat Directive Habitat Type. Its attribute files include the following specific fields for each polygon: individual ID, ID in MFE-50 (which links with that database), basic forest type, Habitat Type, European Forest Type and EUNIS level 3 code. Data source location 1) Mapa Forestal de España 1:50.0 0 0 (MFE50) Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente Madrid, Spain. https://www.miteco.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/ banco- datos- naturaleza/informacion- disponible/mfe50.aspx 2) Information System of Forest Tree Species (GIS-FOREST) Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria Madrid, Spain. https://sites.google.com/site/sigtreeforestspeciesenglis/ Data accessibility Repository name: Distribution of eight forest habitats of European Interest in mainland Spain, and R code for Korcak fragmentation analysis Data identification number: DOI: 10.17632/bm59f4nddy.4 Direct URL to data: http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/bm59f4nddy.4 Related research article Gabriel del Barrio, Helios Sainz, Maria E. Sanjuán, Rut Sánchez de Dios, Jaime Martinez Valderrama and Alberto Ruiz. Abrupt fragmentation thresholds of eight zonal forest types in mainland Spain. Forest Ecology and Management. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118788 alue of the Data • The distributions found are crucial for ecological studies dealing with the forest types con- cerned. • Potential users include ecologists fitting predictive distribution models to investigate climate and land use change, foresters working at the patch level and conservation practitioners seek- ing to optimize conservation networks. • The fine-scale patches provided enable studies on spatial structure and fragmentation of these forest types. • Beyond simply indicating the geographic distributions of these European Habitat Types, this dataset adds two higher levels of detail: basic forest types and structural forest patches. . Data Description This dataset consists of complete distributions observed at the 1:50,0 0 0 scale of eight zonal orest types of mainland Spain. These distributions are built up from explicitly identified forest atches. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://www.miteco.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/mfe50.aspx https://sites.google.com/site/sigtreeforestspeciesenglis/ http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/bm59f4nddy.4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118788 R. Sánchez de Dios, M.E. Sanjuán and H. Sainz et al. / Data in Brief 34 (2021) 106681 3 Table 1 Summary of the zonal forest types included in the database. Dominant species HT code HT name Basic forest types ∗ Total number of patches Total Surface (ha) Fagus sylvatica 9120 Atlantic acidophilous beech forests with Ilex and sometimes also Taxus in the shrublayer ( Quercion robori-petraeae or Ilici-Fagenion ) 232 874 63,687 Fagus sylvatica 9130 Asperulo-Fagetum beech forests 231 516 49,415 Fagus sylvatica 9150 Medio-European limestone beech forests of the Cephalanthero-Fagion 234, 235 1514 41,999 Quercus pyrenaica 9230 Galicio-Portuguese oak woods with Quercus robur and Quercus pyrenaica 321, 322, 323, 324 16,498 750,076 Quercus suber 9330 Quercus suber forests 430, 431, 432, 433, 434 3754 221,818 Pinus uncinata 9430 Subalpine and montane Pinus uncinata forests 111, 112, 113, 114 2671 89,497 Pinus nigra 9530 (Sub-) Mediterranean pine forests with endemic black pines 511, 512, 513, 514 5267 378,195 Pinus pinea 9540 Mediterranean pine forests with endemic Mesogean pines 631, 632, 633 2448 131,890 ∗ See details in [3] . These forest types are consistent with Habitat Types (HT) listed in Annex I of the European Union Habitats Directive 92/43 EC [1] . More details about them are available in the reference interpretation manual [2] . Their HT codes and names are shown in Table 1 . Distributions are provided as vector coverages in shapefile format, which can be directly im- ported by most Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software. Each coverage is labeled with its HT code, and consists of five files: three mandatory ones (.shp, .shx and .dbf, respectively con- veying feature geometry, positional index and attribute table), and two optional (.prj and .qpj, both containing the projection description). The coordinate reference system is EPSG 25830: da- tum ETRS89 and projection UTM zone 30 N. Coverages features are polygons corresponding to forest patches, which in turn, correspond to tesserae in the Spanish Forest Map (MFE50) [4] . The attribute table contains the following fields: • OBJECTID: individual polygon identification number; • POLIGON: polygon identification number in the source database (MFE-50); • S_NAT: Basic forest type code (specific to this dataset, see next section); • HT: Habitat Type (Annex I of the European Union Habitats Directive 92/43 EC); • EFT: European Forest Type (European Environment Agency); • EUNIS_3: EUNIS habitat classification, level 3 (European Environment Agency); • SHAPE_LENG: polygon perimeter (meters) • SHAPE_AREA: polygon area (square meters). 4 R. Sánchez de Dios, M.E. Sanjuán and H. Sainz et al. / Data in Brief 34 (2021) 106681 P [ c o e r b i n 2 b a s c i d t m w d m i i l w a i s m w s c c C r H a M a a The attribute table can be linked to the MFE50 source database (through the link field OLIGON), to check other forestry attributes of each polygon. The fields EFT [5] and EUNIS_3 6] enable wider harmonisation and use for EU level mapping efforts and projects. In addition to coverages, two scripts in R language [7] are provided with the dataset. These orrespond to the fragmentation analyses made in the related research article: determination f the Korcak exponent by segmented regression. This is a method to determine patchiness by xploring patch frequency as a function of patch size. The novelty here is that such an explo- ation is done by size intervals, leading to the identification of area thresholds. Both scripts can e easily adapted for equivalent purposes according to user needs by following the instructions n the annotated headings. Whilst the scripts develop insights on the use of coverages, they are ot required if used for other purposes. . Experimental Design, Materials and Methods The cartographic base for this dataset was the MFE50. It is a comprehensive mapping, made y photointerpretation and fieldwork, of forest and shrub lands of Spain. Its tesserae are associ- ted with distinct forest patches and have fields describing total and only-tree canopy density, tructural vegetation type, spatial grouping of vegetation, up to three dominant species and their over density, land use, etc. However, whilst complete structural information is readily available n the MFE50, this product cannot be used directly to depict the distribution of forest HTs. The ataset presented here is an evolution of the MFE50 to fill precisely this need. In a first step, forest tesserae were separated from scrub, pasture or dehesas . Then, all forest esserae were sorted, retaining only those with a tree canopy cover of over 10% [8] . After that, onospecific forests were differentiated from mixed forests [ 9 , 10 ] by selecting only the tesserae here the occupation of the dominant species was over 70%. Afforestation and dehesas were istinguished from the monospecific forests using the afforest ation maps in the Spanish Infor- ation System of Forest Tree Species [11] in addition to the information provided by the MFE50 tself, and discarded. Finally, all remaining tesserae were assigned to a basic forest type follow- ng the classification by Sainz Ollero and Sánchez de Dios [12] . Additional national and regional ithological, geomorphic and vegetation maps were also used for this [3] . The basic forest types ere then grouped into HTs. That process resulted in 24 basic forest types grouped into the eight HTs presented in this rticle ( Table 1 ). The data are comprehensive for each HT except in the case of 9540, which ncludes only Pinus pinea forests. This cartography adds ecological value with respect to the ources used, because it combines the species distribution from MFE 1:50,0 0 0 with environ- ental and biogeographic variables on climate, substrate and altitudinal vegetation belts. It is worth mentioning that this dataset was a benchmark exercise done within the frame- ork of a Spanish Forest Administration project, for setting up a nationwide Spanish habitat urveillance and monitoring system. The overall outcome is expected to contain 78 monospe- ific and 32 mixed forest types for all of Spain, grouped into 22 EUNIS HTs. More information an be found in [3] , within the project website [13] . RediT Author Statement Rut Sánchez de Dios: Validation, Investigation, Writing—original draft preparation, Writing— eview and editing, Data curation. María E. Sanjuán: Methodology, Validation, Data curation. elios Sainz: Validation, Investigation, Writing—original draft preparation, Supervision, Project dministration, Funding acquisition. Alberto Ruiz: Software, Resources, Visualization. Jaime artínez-Valderrama: Investigation, Resources. Gabriel del Barrio: Conceptualization, Formal nalysis, Writing—original draft preparation, Writing—review and editing, Supervision, Project dministration, Funding acquisition. R. Sánchez de Dios, M.E. Sanjuán and H. Sainz et al. / Data in Brief 34 (2021) 106681 5 Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal rela- tionships which have, or could be perceived to have, influenced the work reported in this article. Acknowledgments Tragsatec (Grupo Tragsa) funded this research through the following projects: Climatic Re- gionalization and Ecosystem Fragmentation (Contract No. 39.916 ) and Methods to Estimate Rates of Change of Occupied Surface of Forest and Shrubland Habitat Types within their Respective Distribution Ranges (Contract No. 38.454 ). References [1] European Commission, Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora, Off. J. Eur. Union. L 206 (1992) 7–50 https://eur- lex.europa.eu/legal- content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri= CELEX:31992L0043&from=EN . (accessed May 7, 2020) . [2] European Commission, Interpretation Manual of European Union Habitats, version EUR 28, European Commission, DG-ENV, Brussels, 2013. https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/references/2435 . [3] R. Sánchez de Dios, H. Sainz-Ollero, J.C. Velázquez, Descripción De Métodos Para Estimar Las Tasas De Cambio Del Parámetro ’Superficie ocupada’de Los Tipos De Hábitat De Bosque, Ministerio para La Transición Ecológica, Madrid, 2019. https://www.miteco.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/temas/ecosistemas- y- conectividad/ 04bosquesymatorralesnofluviales _ 1 _ metodossuperficie _ tcm30-506051.pdf . [4] MAPAMA, Mapa Forestal de España. Escala 1:50.0 0 0, Minist. Agric. Aliment. y Medio Ambient. (2013). https://www. miteco.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/mfe50.aspx (accessed May 5, 2020). [5] EEAEuropean Forest Types. Categories and Types for Sustainable Forest Management Reporting and Policy, Euro- pean Environment Agency, Copenhagen, 2007 Technical Report no. 9/2006 http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/ technical _ report _ 2006 _ 9 . [6] EEA, European Environment Agency, Data File: Crosswalk EUNIS 20 07 and Annex I 20 08, (20 07). https://www.eea. europa.eu/data- and- maps/data/eunis- habitat- classification/documentation/link- between- eunis- 2007- and.xls . [7] R Core Team, R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, R Found. Stat. Comput. (2017). https:// www.r-project.org/ . [8] FAO, FRATerms and Definitions, FAO Forestry Department, Rome, 2015 Forest Resources Working Paper 1802012 http://www.fao.org/3/ap862e/ap862e00.pdf . [9] H. Sainz-Ollero, J.C. Velázquez, R. Sánchez de Dios, Hacia una clasificación de los bosques mixtos españoles, in: 7o Congreso Forestal Españo, Sociedad Española de Ciencias Forestales, Plasencia, 2017, pp. 1–14. http://7cfe. congresoforestal.es/sites/default/files/actas/7CFE01-045.pdf . [10] R. Sánchez de Dios, J. Velázquez, H. Sainz Ollero, Classification and mapping of Spanish Mediterranean mixed forests, IForest – Biogeosci. For 12 (2019) 4 80–4 87, doi: 10.3832/ifor2817-012 . [11] J.M. del Barrio, F.J. Auñón, D.O. Sánchez de Ron, Information Sistem of Forest Tree Species (GIS-FOREST), INIA-CIFOR. (2016). https://sites.google.com/site/sigtreeforestspeciesenglis/ (accessed May 7, 2020). [12] H. Sainz Ollero, R. Sánchez de Dios, La diversidad de los paisajes vegetales españoles, Memorias La Real Soc. Es- pañola Hist. Nat. 2 a ép. 9 (2011) 109–155 http://www.rsehn.es/index.php?d=publicaciones&num=21&w=129&ft=1 (accessed December 25, 2020) . [13] MITECO, Metodologías Para el Seguimiento del Estado de Conservación de los Tipos de Hábitat, (2020). https://www. miteco.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/temas/ecosistemas- y- conectividad/Seguimiento _ habitats _ metodologia.aspx (accessed May 7, 2020). https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:31992L0043&from=EN https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/references/2435 https://www.miteco.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/temas/ecosistemas-y-conectividad/04bosquesymatorralesnofluviales_1_metodossuperficie_tcm30-506051.pdf https://www.miteco.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/servicios/banco-datos-naturaleza/informacion-disponible/mfe50.aspx http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/technical_report_2006_9 https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/eunis-habitat-classification/documentation/link-between-eunis-2007-and.xls https://www.r-project.org/ http://www.fao.org/3/ap862e/ap862e00.pdf http://7cfe.congresoforestal.es/sites/default/files/actas/7CFE01-045.pdf https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor2817-012 https://sites.google.com/site/sigtreeforestspeciesenglis/ http://www.rsehn.es/index.php?d=publicaciones&num=21&w=129&ft=1 https://www.miteco.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/temas/ecosistemas-y-conectividad/Seguimiento_habitats_metodologia.aspx A dataset with complete geographic distributions of eight zonal monospecific forest types in mainland Spain Specifications Table Value of the Data 1 Data Description 2 Experimental Design, Materials and Methods CRediT Author Statement Declaration of Competing Interest Acknowledgments References