Person: Martín Duque, José Francisco
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First Name
José Francisco
Last Name
Martín Duque
Affiliation
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Faculty / Institute
Ciencias Geológicas
Department
Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y Paleontología
Area
Geodinámica Externa
Identifiers
8 results
Search Results
Now showing 1 - 8 of 8
Item Geomorphic reclamation for reestablishment of landform stability at a watershed scale in mined sites: The Alto Tajo Natural Park, Spain(Ecological Engineering, 2018) Zapico Alonso, Ignacio; Martín Duque, José Francisco; Bugosh, Bugosh; Laronne, Laronne; Ortega, Ana; Molina, Antonio; Martín Moreno, Cristina; Nicolau Ibarra, José Manuel; Sánchez Castillo, LázaroThis research describes a geomorphic-based process of mining reclamation carried out at the El Machorro mine (at the edge of the Alto Tajo Natural Park, East Central Spain) and its monitoring for five years (2012–2017). The GeoFluv™ method implemented by the Natural Regrade software has been used to design small watersheds as a mining reclamation topographical solution. The procedure included: (i) finding a suitable reference area with stable landforms and acquiring inputs from them; (ii) designing two first-order stream watersheds; (iii) building the planned landscape; and (iv) monitoring the hydrological and erosive – sedimentary response of the reclaimed watersheds. This process is in itself a contribution to global advancement of reclamation best practices, because there are very few geomorphic-based mining reclamation examples, and even fewer that include their multi-annual monitoring. Sediment yields were obtained comparing Digital Elevation Models (DEM) acquired by Total Station (TS), Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS), differential Global Positioning System (GPS) and topographic reconstructions (interpretations). An H-flume with turbidity and water pressure sensors allowed quantifying runoff and suspended sediment. Sediment yield progressively decreased with time attaining a current low value (4.02 Mg ha−1 yr−1). Water discharge and suspended sediment concentration have also decreased with time. Initially, high sediment yield values were obtained. They are interpreted as being triggered by grading errors that deviated from the design, so that runoff adjusted construction irregularities during that period by erosion and sedimentation. After those adjustments, the reclamation surface became more reflective of the design and the resulting surface remained very ‘stable’. The deduction is that the geomorphic-based reclamation has re-established an approximate steady-state or dynamic equilibrium, where hydrological and erosive – sedimentary functionality operate now at rates comparable to the surrounding natural land. Although further research is required to confirm long-term stability, geomorphic reclamation appears as an efficient mining reclamation alternative solution to the traditional approach of gradient terraces and downdrains, which require frequent and costly maintenance, in the highly erodible setting of the Alto Tajo Natural Park surroundings, as well as in most open pit mines.Item Effects of Topography and Surface Soil Cover on Erosion for Mining Reclamation: The Experimental Spoil Heap at El Machorro Mine (Central Spain)(Land Degradation and Development, 2016) Martín Moreno, Cristina; Martín Duque, José Francisco; Nicolau Ibarra, José Manuel; Hernando Rodríguez, Néstor; Sanz Santos, Miguel Ángel; Sánchez Castillo, LázaroMining reclamation tries to reduce environmental impacts, including accelerated runoff, erosion and sediment load in the nearby fluvial networks and their ecosystems. This study compares the effects of topography and surface soil cover on erosion on man-made slopes coming from surface mining reclamation in Central Spain. Two topographic profiles, linear and concave, with two surface soil covers, subsoil and topsoil, were monitored for two hydrologic years. Sediment load, rill development and plant colonization from the four profiles were measured under field conditions. The results show that, in the case of this experiment, a thick and non-compacted topsoil cover on a linear slope yielded less sediment than carbonate colluvium or topsoil cover on a concave slope. This study also shows that vegetation establishment, which plays an important role in erosion control, depends on topography. Plant cover was more widespread and more homogeneous on linear profiles with topsoil cover. On concave slopes, plant establishment was severely limited on the steepest upper part and favoured in the bottom. This study suggests that management of topography and surface soil cover should be approached systematically, taking three outcomes into consideration: (i) topsoil can lead to a successful mining reclamation regardless of topography, (ii) created concave slopes can lead to a successful mining reclamation and (iii) topography determines the vegetation colonization pattern.Item Stabilization by geomorphic reclamation of a rotational landslide in an abandoned mine next to the Alto Tajo Natural Park(Engineering Geology, 2019) Zapico Alonso, Ignacio; Molina, Antonio; Laronne, Jonathan B.; Sánchez Castillo, Lázaro; Martín Duque, José FranciscoTwo abandoned kaolin mines, surrounding one of the most outstanding natural parks of Spain, the Alto Tajo, have caused frequent environmental impacts. Within these are unstable areas prone to extensive mass movements that influence off-site sediment dynamics over the fluvial system. A waste dump in the Nuria mine obstructing a stream in the center of a valley experienced a rotational landslide. Mass movement between 2012 and 2014 was 0.025–0.026 m day−1. To mitigate the high risk of an earthflow, a novel stabilizing surface drainage technique was implemented. Two remedial valleys designed with fluvial channels were constructed surrounding the landslide main body using natural landform design and regrading, with no need for artificial materials such as concrete or piles. This novel remediation process is generically termed geomorphic reclamation. The specific method applied to this site was GeoFluv with Natural Regrade software. Before (2014) and after geomorphic stabilization (2015–2017), the landslide was monitored using Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) of Difference (DODs) obtained by a Geomorphic Change Detection (GCD) tool. Two modern techniques, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS), and, Structure from Motion photogrammetry combined with an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (SfM-UAV), were used to acquire High-Resolution Topographies (HRTs) from which DEMs were derived. Data analysis and field monitoring results demonstrate that: i) the Nuria mine transformed almost 50% of the upper part of a natural catchment; ii) a waste dump active landslide with a surface rupture <15m posed a high-risk hazard due to its continuous advance; iii) geomorphic reclamation succeeded in stabilizing the landslide during the monitoring period; iv) SfM-UAV-based topographies offer better accuracy and higher resolution, are cheaper and are obtained faster than TLS for mine areas.Item Improvement of Workflow for Topographic Surveys in Long Highwalls of Open Pit Mines with an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle and Structure from Motion(Remote Sensing, 2021) Zapico Alonso, Ignacio; Laronne, Jonathan; Sánchez Castillo, Lázaro; Martín Duque, José FranciscoConducting topographic surveys in active mines is challenging due ongoing operations and hazards, particularly in highwalls subject to constant and active mass movements (rock and earth falls, slides and flows). These vertical and long surfaces are the core of most mines, as the mineral feeding mining production originates there. They often lack easy and safe access paths. This framework highlights the importance of accomplishing non-contact high-accuracy and detailed topographies to detect instabilities prior to their occurrence. We have conducted drone flights in search of the best settings in terms of altitude mode and camera angle, to produce digital representation of topographies using Structure from Motion. Identification of discontinuities was evaluated, as they are a reliable indicator of potential failure areas. Natural shapes were used as control/check points and were surveyed using a robotic total station with a coaxial camera. The study was conducted in an active kaolin mine near the Alto Tajo Natural Park of East-Central Spain. Here the 140 m highwall is formed by layers of limestone, marls and sands. We demonstrate that for this vertical landscape, a facade drone flight mode combined with a nadir camera angle, and automatically programmed with a computer-based mission planning software, provides the most accurate and detailed topographies, in the shortest time and with increased flight safety. Contrary to previous reports, adding oblique images does not improve accuracy for this configuration. Moreover, neither extra sets of images nor an expert pilot are required. These topographies allowed the detection of 93.5% more discontinuities than the Above Mean Sea Level surveys, the common approach used in mining areas. Our findings improve the present SfM-UAV survey workflows in long highwalls. The versatile topographies are useful for the management and stabilization of highwalls during phases of operation, as well closure-reclamation.Item Hacia una Minería Sostenible en el 95 entorno del Parque Natural del Alto Tajo. La escombrera experimental de la mina ‘El Machorro’(Poveda de la Sierra, Guadalajara)(Conferencia Internacional - Minería Sostenible. Santiago de Compostela. Cámara Oficial Mineira de Galicia, 2009, 2009) Hernando, Nestor; Martín Moreno, Cristina; Sánchez Castillo, Lázaro; Martín Duque, José Francisco; Sanz Santos, Miguel Ángel; Nicolau Ibarra, José ManuelPor su situación en el entorno de un espacio natural protegido, y sobre una ladera de pendiente y longitud elevadas, la restauración de la mina El Machorro constituye un importante reto científico y profesional. La empresa propietaria de esta mina, CAOBAR S.A., tiene entre sus objetivos demostrar la compatibilidad de la actividad minera con la conservación del medio ambiente. Por todo ello está acometiendo sucesivas revisiones de su Plan de Restauración del Espacio Natural (PREN), tratando de incorporar las mejores prácticas internacionales al respecto. Todo ello en colaboración con las universidades Complutense y de Alcalá (Madrid) y bajo la supervisión de la Dirección del Parque Natural del Alto Tajo. Una de las acciones más destacadas a ese respecto ha sido la construcción de una escombrera experimental, específicamente diseñada para mejorar la restauración de los terrenos afectados por la mina. En ella se estudia el comportamiento erosivo que tienen diferentes diseños de escombreras mediante la combinación de: (a) distintas topografías (cóncava y en terrazas); (b) distintos tipos de sustrato (estériles, coluviones y suelos originales); y (c) distintos tipos de revegetación (como hidrosiembras). En la comunicación se describen los detalles de la puesta en funcionamiento de esta escombrera experimental, así como los resultados obtenidos para el periodo 1 de noviembre de 2008 a 31 de marzo de 2009.Item Silica sand slope gllying and mining in Central Spain: erosion processes and geomorphic reclamation of contour mining(WIT transactions on the built environment, 2008) Sanz Santos, Miguel Ángel; Martín Duque, José Francisco; Martín Moreno, Cristina; Lucía Vela, Ana; De Pedraza Gilsanz, Javier; Nicolau Ibarra, José Manuel; Sánchez Castillo, Lázaro; Ruiz López de la Cova, Rafael; García, A.A Characterization and quantification of the geomorphic activity of three scenarios of silica sand slops of Central Spain (Segovia and Guadalajara province), is being carried out: (a) silica sand slope gullies; (b) Non reclaimed (abandoned) silica sand mines; (c) abandoned silica sand mines reclaimed with a geomorphic approach. On the silica sand slope gullies, gathered data point at very high rates of erosion and sedimentation, since runoff and hydric erosion occurs on them almost instantaneausly after precipitation. When no reclamation is made, silica sand mines evolve like 'natural' gullies, and they show higher tares of hydric erosion than them. The erosion of non-reclaimed silica sand mines produces severe on and off sile environmental impacts. When reclamations are made based on geomorphic approaches, runoff and soil erosion can be reduced to the minimum at the pediment areas, whereas the highwalls can maintain a geomorphic activity which integrates them into the landscape. The understanding of these scenarios is allowing improving new reclamation plans on silica sand and kaolin mines of Central Spain, concerning their topographical and watershed design, and layout of the reconstructed terrain (waste dumps, surficial deposits, and topsoil). The latter example shows a desirable framework of collaboration between mining companies, protected areas managers and universitiesItem Drainage network evolution and reconstruction in an open pit kaolin mine at the edge of the Alto Tajo natural Park(Catena, 2021) Zapico Alonso, Ignacio; Laronne, Jonathan; Sánchez Castillo, Lázaro; Martín Duque, José FranciscoLandform instability of the abandoned Nuria kaolin mine, surrounding the Alto Tajo Natural Park in Spain, has caused frequent and severe environmental impacts due to deficient mining practices, environmental mismanagement and closure planning. Geomorphic instability has caused widespread soil erosion and elevated sediment yields with off-site effects. We quantified such land instability, the evolution of the resulting drainage networks and catchments, and ensuing gully processes. High Resolution Topography sources were compared with historic maps and photos. The current mine rehabilitation practices are depicted based on a geomorphic approach that introduces a sustainable drainage system designed to avoid detected risks. Our aim is reconstructing fluvial channels and related hillslopes that mimic their natural counterparts adapted to a rehabilitation of pre-existing gradient terraces. We demonstrate that: i) mining activity produced a 31–58% decrease in the original site drainage network ii) a post-mining active advancing gully is an indicator of drainage network redevelopment advancing toward an upstream pond with flash-flooding risk; iii) a geomorphic designed and constructed fluvial network and proper drainage density adapted to pre-existing gradient-terraces seeks reestablishing stability; and iv) in absence of sufficient funding for rehabilitation, public/private collaboration agreements play an important role to reinstate landscape stability of abandoned or erroneously restored mines.Item Evaluation of sedimentation pond performance for a cleaner water production from an open pit mine at the edge of the Alto Tajo Natural Park(Journal of Cleaner Production, 2021) Zapico Alonso, Ignacio; Laronne, Jonathan; Meixide, Carmen; Sánchez Castillo, Lázaro; Martín Duque, José FranciscoControlling sediment produced by water erosion is the highest environmental challenge in steep, open pit sand mines located in erosive climates. Although restoration is impractical in active mine areas, sedimentation ponds are the Best Available Technique by the European Union to reduce sediment spillages from these environments. Few studies have described and supported such a solution with high resolution data. The María José mine is one of two active kaolin mines in the mining area of the Alto Tajo Natural Park, a highly erosive setting. It has a complex maintained pond system as a hydrologic and sedimentary control measure. In this landscape, mining can only be sustainable if clean water from production is ensured. The pond system retains sediment and water during a rain event, deposits the sediment, and eventually spills the water under controlled events. The María José spillages have been continuously monitored for suspended sediment concentration and water discharge at the mine outlet since 2012. During four years the efficiency of the pond system varied (96.7–99%), producing an average annual sediment yield of 5.6 Mg ha−1 y−1, a reduction of 98.4% compared with the sediment yield reported for similar local mines having no ponds. A quarter of this sediment was produced under controlled spillages allowing runoff management; the rest during large rainfall events when runoff decreased pond efficiency gives rise to an increase in suspended sediment concentration, as is typical of local natural rivers. Provided continuous maintenance, sediment ponds are shown to be a successful method to produce clean water. Successful pond efficiency implies that a mine produces water and sediment during baseflow conditions, allowing sufficient sediment volume to accumulate during rainstorms.