Person: Martín Perea, David Manuel
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David Manuel
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Martín Perea
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Item Intra-site spatial approaches based on taphonomic analyses to characterize assemblage formation at Pleistocene sites: a case study from Buena Pinta Cave (Pinilla del Valle, Madrid, Spain)(Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 2023) Mielgo, Clara; Huguet Pamiès, Rosa; Laplana Conesa, César; Martín Perea, David Manuel; Moclán, Abel; Márquez, Belén; arsuaga; Arsuaga Ferreras, Juan Luis; Pérez González, Alfredo José; Baquedano, EnriqueBuena Pinta Cave (Pinilla del Valle, Madrid) has been interpreted as a hyena den with sporadic occupations of Homo neanderthalensis in the western part of the site (level 23). In order to identify the different formation processes in this area of the site, spatial analyses have been carried out with GIS and spatial statistics based on the taphonomic analysis of the faunal remains. Based on the vertical and sectional analyses of the assemblage, it has been possible to determine that level 23 actually corresponds to three archaeological levels with well-differentiated characteristics: a lower level with few faunal remains and fossil-diagenetic alterations related to humid environments associated with clays; an intermediate level with a high percentage of remains with water-related modifications and evidences of transport; and an upper level delimited mainly thanks to by a paraconformity evidenced by the concentration of weathered remains in this area and a significant reduction in remains with water-related alterations above. The results obtained show the necessity to redefine field layers and the usefulness of integrating taphonomic data and spatial studies.Item A symbolic Neanderthal accumulation of large herbivore crania(Nature Human Behaviour, 2023) Baquedano, Enrique; Arsuaga Ferreras, Juan Luis; Pérez González, Alfredo José; Laplana Conesa, César; Márquez, Belén; Huguet, Rosa; Gómez Soler, Sandra; Villaescusa, Lucía; Galindo Pellicena, María Ángeles; Rodríguez, Laura; García González, Rebeca; Cruz Ortega, M.; Martín Perea, David Manuel; Ortega, Ana I.; Hernández Vivanco, Alicia; Ruiz Liso, Gonzalo; Gómez Hernanz, Juan; Alonso Martín, José I.; Abrunhosa, Ana; Moclán, Abel; Casado, Ana Isabel; Vegara Riquelme, Marina; Álvarez Fernández, Ana; Domínguez García, Ángel Carmelo; Álvarez-Lao, Diego J.; García García, Nuria; Sevilla García, María Paloma; Blain, Hugues Alexandre; Ruiz Zapata, María Blanca; Gil García, María Elena; Álvarez Vena, Adrián; Sanz, Teresa; Quam, Rolf; Higham, ThomasThis work examines the possible behaviour of Neanderthal groups at the Cueva Des-Cubierta (central Spain) via the analysis of the latter’s archaeological assemblage. Alongside evidence of Mousterian lithic industry, Level 3 of the cave infill was found to contain an assemblage of mammalian bone remains dominated by the crania of large ungulates, some associated with small hearths. The scarcity of post-cranial elements, teeth, mandibles and maxillae, along with evidence of anthropogenic modification of the crania (cut and percussion marks), indicates that the carcasses of the corresponding animals were initially processed outside the cave, and the crania were later brought inside. A second round of processing then took place, possibly related to the removal of the brain. The continued presence of crania throughout Level 3 indicates that this behaviour was recurrent during this level’s formation. This behaviour seems to have no subsistence-related purpose but to be more symbolic in its intent.Item A warm and humid paleoecological context for the Neanderthal mountain settlement at the Navalmaíllo rockshelter (Iberian Central System, Madrid)(Quaternary Science Reviews, 2022) Blain, Hugues Alexandre; Laplana Conesa, César; Sánchez Bandera, Christian; Fagoaga, Ana; Blanco Lapaz, Ángel; Martínez-Monzón, Almudena; Bisbal-Chinesta, Josep Francesc; Moclán, Abel; Martín Perea, David Manuel; Domínguez García, Ángel Carmelo; Álvarez Vena, Adrián; Sevilla García, María Paloma; Ruiz Zapata, María Blanca; Gil García, María Elena; Márquez, Belén; Huguet Pamiès, Rosa; Pérez González, Alfredo José; Arsuaga Ferreras, Juan Luis; Baquedano, EnriqueNeanderthals have been claimed to have had a selective adaptation to rugged, wooded landscapes that would have partially compensate their high basal metabolic rate and locomotor energetic costs through reducing search time and increasing diet breadth. The archaeological site of the Navalmaíllo rockshelter (Pinilla del Valle, Madrid), located in a mountain environment in central Iberian Peninsula, has been interpreted as a repeated short-term occupation hunting camp by Neanderthal groups, mainly focused on primary access to large bovids and cervids. Navalmaíllo rockshelter has also furnished fish, toads, frogs, tortoises, lizards and snakes remains. This association of amphibians and reptiles suggests a much warmer climate (+2.8 °C) for layer F than at present, with similar temperatures during the summer but higher temperatures throughout the remaining months. Rainfall was slightly more abundant (+180.6 mm) than today, with a more contrasted regime during the year, with rainier winters and drier summers. A two-month period of aridity is observed during summer, representing a similar duration to present-day climatic conditions. Reconstructed landscapes are mainly constituted by open areas with dry grassland and rocky or stony areas, evolving laterally to humid meadows, probably close to the aquatic and peri-aquatic areas, such as rivers or ponds with riverside vegetation. Woodland environments are also well represented around the site, with medium scrublands to forest formations. Fish complete this reconstruction by documenting the presence of a pre-mountain well-developed river system characterized by relatively cold, permanent, oxygen-rich, and running waters. Such reconstruction is in disagreement with previous pollen interpretation for Layer F that suggested a very open and cold environment. Our new interpretation suggests that the Neanderthal occupation of the Navalmaíllo rockshelter occurred during a somewhat temperate and humid period, probably within the later part of the Marine Isotope Stage 5, effectively favouring the presence of a high biodiversity around the site.Item A geoarchaeological reassessment of the co-occurrence of the oldest Acheulean and Oldowan in a fluvial ecotone from lower middle Bed II (1.7ma) at Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania)(Quaternary International, 2019) Uribelarrea Del Val, David; Martín Perea, David Manuel; Diez-Martín, Fernando; Baquedano, Enrique; Mabulla, Audax Z.P.; Barba, Rebeca; Gidna, Agnes; Domínguez-Rodrigo, ManuelThe coexistence of the oldest Acheulean and Oldowan industries means that the appearance of the former cannot be due to an anagenetic development from the latter. At Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, both industries are found within the same chronostratigraphic unit, the Lower Augitic Sandstone (LAS; 1.7 Ma), at HWK, HWK-E, HWK-EE (Oldowan) and FLK-W and FLK-N (Acheulean). Recently, McHenry and Stanistreet (2018) and Stanistreet et al. (2018) have argued that the Acheulean site of FLK West is actually located within a more recent stratigraphic unit, the Middle Augitic Sandstone (MAS). If so, the Acheulean could potentially have evolved from the Oldowan anagenetically. We test this hypothesis by reviewing the stratigraphy of the LAS from the HWK area to the FLK-W site. Hay's (1976) previous work stresses the continuity of the LAS from HWK-EE to FLK-NN, and stratigraphic and sedimentological evidence indicates that while the MAS has eroded away, the LAS is continuous throughout the study area. According to Hay (1976), Uribelarrea et al. (2017) and this work, the LAS is present at HWK-EE, HWK-E, HWK, HWK-W, FLK-S, FLK-W, FLK-N and FLK-NN. The emergence of the Acheulean at Olduvai Gorge ca. 1.7Ma and its coexistence with the Oldowan thus demonstrates a cladogenetic, rather than an anagenetic, origin for the Acheulean. This has implications for the behavioral and biological interpretations of the origin and co-existence of both types of industries.Item A taphonomic analysis of PTK (Bed I, Olduvai Gorge) and its bearing on the interpretation of the dietary and eco-spatial behaviors of early humans(Quaternary Science Reviews, 2023) Organista, Elia; Moclán, Abel; Aramendi, Julia; Cobo Sánchez, Lucía; Egeland, Charles Peter; Martín Perea, David Manuel; Uribelarrea Del Val, David; Vegara Riquelme, Marina; Hernández Vivanco, Alicia; Gidna, Agness; Mabula, Audax; Baquedano, Enrique; Domínguez Rodrigo, ManuelHere, we present a thorough taphonomic analysis of the 1.84 million-year-old site of Phillip Tobias Korongo (PTK), Bed I, Olduvai Gorge. PTK is one of the new archaeological sites documented on the FLK Zinj paleolandscape, in which FLK 22 level was deposited and covered by Tuff IC. Therefore, PTK is pene-contemporary with these sites: FLK Zinj, DS, AMK and AGS. The occurrence of these sites within a thin clay unit of ∼20 cm, occupying not only the same vertically discrete stratigraphic unit, but also the same paleosurface, with an exceptional preservation of the archaeological record in its primary depositional locus, constitutes a unique opportunity to explore early hominin behavioral diversity at the most limited geochronological scale possible. The Olduvai Bed I sites have been the core of behavioral modelling for the past half a century, and the newly discovered sites, excavated with 21st century technology, will increase significantly our understanding of early human adaptive patterns. Here, we present PTK as another assemblage where faunal resources were acquired by hominins prior to any carnivore, and where stone-tool assisted bulk defleshing was carried out. The abundance of juvenile individuals extends our understanding, as in Kanjera (Kenya), about the hunting skills of early Homo sensu lato. The increasing number of sites, where bulk defleshing of small and medium-sized carcasses took place is underscoring the importance of meat in the diets of some of the early hominins, and their patterned use of the space for food processing and consumption. The patterning emerging has a profound importance for the evolution of some of the features that have traditionally been used to identify the behavior of the genus Homo.Item Cut marks and raw material exploitation in the lower pleistocene site of Bell's Korongo (BK, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania): A geometric morphometric analysis(Quaternary International, 2019) Courtenay, Lloyd A.; Yravedra Sainz De Los Terreros, José; Aramendi, Julia; Maté-González, Miguel Ángel; Martín Perea, David Manuel; Uribelarrea Del Val, David; Baquedano, Enrique; González Aguilera, Diego; Domínguez-Rodrigo, ManuelThe Lower Pleistocene site of Bell's Korongo (BK) in Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania) has been a key site for the study of the origin of human behaviour. The lower archaeological levels of BK are characterized by anthropogenic activity related to the exploitation of megafauna (elephant, hippopotamus, Sivatherium) and smaller game (zebra, wildebeest and antelopes). These remains display a high frequency of cut marks. The exceptional state of preservation of the BK fossil assemblage has allowed a wide range of different analyses that, among other things, detected the use of quartzite in butchering activities through the study of cut marks. Following up previous analyses, this paper presents the study of a series of cut marks from the BK faunal assemblage using a 3D geometric morphometric methodological approach in order to determine the mineralogical properties of the quartzite used at the site. BK cut marks are compared with experimentally produced cut marks using 9 mineralogically different quartzite types from Olduvai Gorge. This comparative analysis provides valuable hints about the exact nature of the raw materials used in butchering activities. The results presented here identify a preferential use of quartzite with a finer granular composition, suggesting that hominin populations were already selecting the best raw materials for their use in specific activities 1.3 Mya.Item Early Pleistocene faunivorous hominins were not kleptoparasitic, and this impacted the evolution of human anatomy and socio-ecology(Scientific reports, 2021) Domínguez Rodrigo, Manuel; Baquedano, Enrique; Organista, Elia; Cobo Sánchez, Lucía; Mabulla, Audax; Maskara, Vivek; Gidna, Agnes; Pizarro Monzo, Marcos; Aramendi, Julia; Galán Abellán, Ana Belén; Cifuentes Alcobendas, Gabriel; Vegara Riquelme, Marina; Jiménez García, Blanca; Abellán, Natalia; Barba, Rebeca; Uribelarrea Del Val, David; Martín Perea, David Manuel; Díez Martín, Fernando; Maíllo Fernández, José Manuel; Rodríguez Hidalgo, Antonio; Courtenay, Lloyd A.; Mora, Rocío; Maté González, Miguel Ángel; González Aguilera, DiegoHumans are unique in their diet, physiology and socio-reproductive behavior compared to other primates. They are also unique in the ubiquitous adaptation to all biomes and habitats. From an evolutionary perspective, these trends seem to have started about two million years ago, coinciding with the emergence of encephalization, the reduction of the dental apparatus, the adoption of a fully terrestrial lifestyle, resulting in the emergence of the modern anatomical bauplan, the focalization of certain activities in the landscape, the use of stone tools, and the exit from Africa. It is in this period that clear taphonomic evidence of a switch in diet with respect to Pliocene hominins occurred, with the adoption of carnivory. Until now, the degree of carnivorism in early humans remained controversial. A persistent hypothesis is that hominins acquired meat irregularly (potentially as fallback food) and opportunistically through klepto-foraging. Here, we test this hypothesis and show, in contrast, that the butchery practices of early Pleistocene hominins (unveiled through systematic study of the patterning and intensity of cut marks on their prey) could not have resulted from having frequent secondary access to carcasses. We provide evidence of hominin primary access to animal resources and emphasize the role that meat played in their diets, their ecology and their anatomical evolution, ultimately resulting in the ecologically unrestricted terrestrial adaptation of our species. This has major implications to the evolution of human physiology and potentially for the evolution of the human brain.Item The Dorothy Garrod Site: a new Middle Stone Age locality in Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania(Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 2022) Maíllo Fernández, José Manuel; Marín, Juan; Martín Perea, David Manuel; Uribelarrea Del Val, David; Asiaín Román, Raquel; Solano Megías, Irene; Baquedano, Enrique; Domínguez Rodrigo, Manuel; Gidna, Agness; Medialdea, Alicia; Steven, Hekima Mwamakimbula; Chilonzi, Daniel Haruni; Arteaga, Carlos; Mabulla, AudaxOlduvai Gorge (Tanzania) is a key site for the study of human evolution as well as the origin of modern humans and the Middle Stone Age (MSA). In this study, we present a new MSA location named Dorothy Garrod Site (DGS), found in the main branch of Olduvai Gorge. The site has only one archaeological level, located stratigraphically in the Upper Ndutu. Although it has not yet been possible to radiometrically date it, it has yielded numerous archaeological remains with a functional association between the faunal remains and the lithic industry. The fauna identified includes Alcelaphini, Hippotragini, and Equidae, some of which present percussion marks and evidence of burning. The lithic industry involved knapping using discoid methods. The retouched blanks are denticulates and retouched flakes with, up to now, a total absence of points. DGS is therefore a new site that will aid our understanding of modern human occupations in northern Tanzania in a period for which there is a dearth of properly contextualised archaeological evidence.Item Mineral assemblages and low energy sedimentary processes in the FLK-Zinj, DS, PTK and AMK complex palaeolandscape (Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania)(Quaternary International, 2019) Martín Perea, David Manuel; Fesharaki, Omid; Rey Samper, Jesús Javier; Arroyo Rey, Xabier; Uribelarrea Del Val, David; Cobo-Sánchez, Lucía; Baquedano, Enrique; Mabulla, Audax; Domínguez Rodrigo, ManuelThe mineralogical composition of the clay stratum (level 22) that contains the FLK Zinj-DS-PTK-AMK complex, the only example of pene-contemporaneous early Pleistocene sites occurring on the same palaeolandscape and simultaneously covered by the same ash fall tuff, shows significant intra-site and inter-site differences. Overall, level 22A is related to a more hydrologically closed system, with higher salinity and alkalinity than level 22B. Both levels show fresher water was entering the system from the DS area during deposition. Textural analysis of the studied samples shows great microporosity and abundant edge-to-edge and edge-to-face contacts between crystals. These results have major repercussions for the interpretation of the archaeological assemblages in the FLK Zinj-DS-PTK-AMK palaeolandscape. First, this implies that two distinct archaeological levels formed at different times with different environmental conditions in most of these localities. Second, textural analyses provide evidence that no important sedimentary compaction took place after the deposition of this layer. This affects interpretations of palaeolandscape geomorphology. Third, it shows that the sedimentary processes during all the clay sequence occurred in very low-energy conditions. This reinforces that no significant physical forces disturbed the original configurations of materials contained within these assemblages and reinforces their autochthony. Behavioural interpretations can, thus, be more solidly built upon the conception that those sites preserve most of their original in situ properties.Item Experimental approaches to the development of use-wear traces on volcanic rocks: basalts(Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 2020) Bello Alonso, Patricia; Rios Garaizar, Joseba; Panera Gallego, Joaquín; Martín Perea, David Manuel; Rubio Jara, Susana; Pérez González, Alfredo José; Rojas Mendoza, Raquel; Domínguez-Rodrigo, Manuel; Baquedano, Enrique; Santonja, ManuelIn this paper we present the experimental results obtained for the formation of use-wear traces on four types of basalt rocks from the Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania) and one from the Deba River (Spain). The objective of this study is to create a reference collection that will allow the posterior analysis and identification of archeological use-wear traces on lithic industries made on these different types of basalt, such as the Acheulean lithic industry from Thiongo Korongo site (TK) (Olduvai’s Bed II, ca. 1.353 ± 0.035 Ma.). This study includes five types of basalt, under the objective of understanding in more detail the formation of the use-wear traces. Additionally, we include their individual petrographic, chemical, and traceological interpretations, allowing for an assessment of the intrinsic characteristics in relation to the development of use-wear. The final step of this process includes microscopic analysis for the detailed characterization and description of these use-wear traces. The results obtained reveal the internal structure of basalts as a significant conditioning factor in the development of use-wear traces. Despite this, we have been able to establish several criteria that discriminate between actions and different worked materials. These results offer a fundamental experimental basis for the future interpretation of use-wear traces found in archeological basalts.