Person: Robles Morales, José Manuel
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First Name
José Manuel
Last Name
Robles Morales
Affiliation
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Faculty / Institute
Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales
Department
Sociología Aplicada
Area
Sociología
Identifiers
5 results
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Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
Item Measuring polarization: a fuzzy set theoretical approach(2020) Guevara Gil, Juan Antonio; Gómez González, Daniel; Robles Morales, José Manuel; Montero De Juan, Francisco Javier; Lesot, Marie-Jeanne; Vieira, Susana; Reformat, Marek Z.; Carvalho, João Paulo; Wilbik, Anna; Bouchon-Meunier, Bernadette; Yager, Ronald R.Abstract: The measurement of polarization has been studied over the last thirty years. Despite the different applied approaches, since polarization concept is complex, we find a lack of consensus about how it should be measured. This paper proposes a new approach to the measurement of the polarization phenomenon based on fuzzy set. Fuzzy approach provides a new perspective whose elements admit degrees of membership. Since reality is not black and white, a polarization measure should include this key characteristic. For this purpose we analyze polarization metric properties and develop a new risk of polarization measure using aggregation operators and overlapping functions. We simulate a sample of N = 391315 cases across a 5-likert-scale with different distributions to test our measure. Other polarization measures were applied to compare situations where fuzzy set approach offers different results, where membership functions have proved to play an essential role in the measurement. Finally, we want to highlight the new and potential contribution of fuzzy set approach to the polarization measurement which opens a new field to research on.Item A new approach to polarization modeling using Markov chains(2022) Guevara Gil, Juan Antonio; Gómez González, Daniel; Castro Cantalejo, Javier; Gutiérrez García-Pardo, Inmaculada; Robles Morales, José Manuel; Ciucci, Davide; Couso, Inés; Medina, Jesús; Ślęzak, Dominik; Petturiti, Davide; Bouchon-Meunier, Bernadette; Yager, Ronald R.Abstract: In this study, we approach the problem of polarization modeling with Markov Chains (PMMC). We propose a probabilistic model that provides an interesting approach to knowing what the probability for a specific attitudinal distribution is to get to an i.e. social, political, or affective Polarization. It also quantifies how many steps are needed to reach Polarization for that distribution. In this way, we can know how risky an attitudinal distribution is for reaching polarization in the near future. To do so, we establish some premises over which our model fits reality. Furthermore, we compare this probability with the polarization measure proposed by Esteban and Ray and the fuzzy polarization measure by Guevara et al. In this way, PMMC provides the opportunity to study in deep what is the performance of these polarization measures in specific conditions. We find that our model presents evidence that in fact, some distributions will presumably show higher risk than others even when the entire population holds the same attitude. In this sense, according to our model, we find that moderate/indecisive attitudes present a higher risk for polarization than extreme attitudes and should not be considered the same scenario despite the fact that the entire population maintains the same attitude.Item The Un-Connectivity of Connective Parties: Analyzing the Online Interaction Patterns of Unidos Podemos in Spain(Journal of Political Marketing, 2022) Stefano De Marco; Robles Morales, José Manuel; Borja Moya-Gómez; Gómez González, Daniel; taylor and francisConnective parties (Bennett, Segerberg, and Knüpfer Citation2018) are supposed to create a new scenario in online political communication. They are conceived as new political subjects, characterized by reciprocal communication flows across social networking sites (SNSs), and the creation of fluid online relationships between “connective representatives” and their constituents. This paper focuses on the Spanish connective party “Podemos” to test this hypothesis, by comparing the communicative styles of Spanish Members of Parliament (MPs) on Twitter, depending on their reference party and the interlocutor they are interacting with. Our results show that Podemos MPs are not more inclined to interact with ordinary citizens than MPs from other political parties, and this provides further evidence against the idea that SNSs could strengthen the relationship between representatives and citizens, at least in the case of Spain. Instead, SNSs appear to be used as tools for the one-way transmission of messages from political parties and representatives, leading to the conclusion that they play an important role in spreading political messages to large audiences and in political campaigning, but not in fostering deliberation.Item Affective homogeneity in the Spanish general election debate. A comparative analysis of social networks political agents(Information, Communication and Society, 2018) Robles Morales, José Manuel; Vélez Serrano, Daniel; De Marco, Stefano; Rodríguez González, Juan Tinguaro; Gómez González, Daniel; taylor and francisMany experts in the social sciences are studying the extent to which the agents of democratic political systems tend to strengthen their points of view to such an extent that it reduces their capacity to engage and debate with those who hold different points of view. This phenomenon, called polarization, is also present in public debate on social networks and has generated a significant number of studies and empirical research. In this context, a few noteworthy factors in the study of polarization are the concepts of ‘homophily’ and ‘homogeneity’. These terms refer to the fragmenting effect of social networks and are the consequence of the common characteristics and attributes of the members that comprise them. In this work, we analyze this phenomenon in relation with the General Elections for the Presidency of Spain and, particularly, in the case of the candidature of the political party UnidosPodemos. We used data from the Twitter social network to analyze the subjects of debate, and the affective positions in relation with each of these. We found that the most active political agents had postures that were clearly homogenized in affective terms. Finally, we discuss the polarizing effects of this homogenization.Item Polarization and incivility in digital debates on women’s rights in Spain. Not just a matter of machismo(Journal of Gender Studies, 2021) Gómez González, Daniel; Robles Morales, José Manuel; Guevara Gil, Juan Antonio; Atienza-Barthelemy, Julia; taylor and francisAs is the case in many other countries, Spain faces the challenge of drastically reducing the presence of gender violence. In this paper, we analyse how public digital debate in Spain gives insight into this topic. Specifically, we are interested in analysing the ways in which processes such as polarization or incivility are manifested on social networks. Our thesis is that, in addition to the central role played by structural machismo, there are particular characteristics of online debate that regulate the presence of polarization and incivility. In order to assess this, we analyse two case studies on Twitter, ‘La Manada’ and ‘Cuéntalo’. We demonstrate how spontaneous digital debates favour the emergence of negative behaviours, while those that, as is the case with ‘Cuéntalo’, are organized and structured, favour more respectful, less polarized communication.