RT Journal Article
T1 Rectal HSV-2 infection may increase rectal SIV acquisition even in the context of SIVΔnef vaccination
A1 Guerra Pérez, Natalia
A1 Aravantinou, Meropi
A1 Veglia, Filippo
A1 Goode, Diana
A1 Truong, Rosaline
A1 Derby, Nina
A1 Blanchard, James
A1 Grasperge, Brooke
A1 Gettie, Agegnehu
A1 Robbiani, Melissa
A1 Martinelli, Elena
AB Prevalent HSV-2 infection increases the risk of HIV acquisition both in men and women even in asymptomatic subjects. Understanding the impact of HSV-2 on the mucosal microenvironment may help to identify determinants of susceptibility to HIV. Vaginal HSV-2 infection increases the frequency of cells highly susceptible to HIV in the vaginal tissue of women and macaques and this correlates with increased susceptibility to vaginal SHIV infection in macaques. However, the effect of rectal HSV-2 infection on HIV acquisition remains understudied. We developed a model of rectal HSV-2 infection in macaques in combination with rectal SIVmac239Δnef (SIVΔnef) vaccination and our results suggest that rectal HSV-2 infection may increase the susceptibility of macaques to rectal SIVmac239 wild-type (wt) infection even in SIVΔnef-infected animals. Rectal SIVΔnef infection/vaccination protected 7 out of 7 SIVΔnef-infected macaques from SIVmac239wt rectal infection (vs 12 out of 16 SIVΔnef-negative macaques), while 1 out of 3 animals co-infected with SIVΔnef and HSV-2 acquired SIVmac239wt infection. HSV-2/SIVmac239wt co-infected animals had increased concentrations of inflammatory factors in their plasma and rectal fluids and a tendency toward higher acute SIVmac239wt plasma viral load. However, they had higher blood CD4 counts and reduced depletion of CCR5+ CD4+ T cells compared to SIV-mac239wt-only infected animals. Thus, rectal HSV-2 infection generates a pro-inflammatory environment that may increase susceptibility to rectal SIV infection and may impact immunological and virological parameters during acute SIV infection. Studies with larger number of animals are needed to confirm these findings.
PB Public Library of Science
YR 2016
FD 2016
LK https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/97899
UL https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/97899
LA eng
NO Guerra-Pérez N, Aravantinou M, Veglia F, Goode D, Truong R, Derby N, et al. (2016) Rectal HSV-2 Infection May Increase Rectal SIV Acquisition Even in the Context of SIVΔnef Vaccination. PLoS ONE 11(2): e0149491. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0149491
NO National Institutes of Health
DS Docta Complutense
RD 16 abr 2025