RT Journal Article T1 Modified gravity or imperfect dark matter: a model-independent discrimination A1 Aparicio Resco, Miguel A1 López Maroto, Antonio AB We analyze how to parametrize general modifications of the dark matter perturbations equations in a model-independent way. We prove that a general model with an imperfect and non-conserved dark matter fluid with bulk and shear viscosities and heat flux in a modified gravity scenario can be described with five general functions of time and scale. We focus on the sub-Hubble regime within the quasi-static approximation and calculate the observable power spectra of the galaxy distribution, galaxy velocities and weak lensing and find that these observables are only sensitive to three combinations of the initial five functions. Deviations of these three observable functions with respect to ACDM give us different characteristic signals which allow us to determine in which cases it is possible to discriminate a modification of gravity from an imperfect or non-conserved dark matter. Finally, we perform a Fisher forecast analysis for these three parameters and show an example for a particular model with shear viscosity. PB IOP Publishing Ltd SN 1475-7516 YR 2021 FD 2021-02 LK https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/7996 UL https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/7996 LA eng NO © 2021 IOP Publishing LtdWe thank Jose Beltran Jimenez for their interesting comments and discussions about the manuscript. We would also like to thank the anonymous referee for useful comments and suggestions. M.A.R acknowledges support from UCM predoctoral grant. This work has been supported by the Spanish MINECO grants FIS2016-78859-P(AEI/FEDER, UE) and Red Consolider MultiDark FPA2017-90566-REDC. NO Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO)/FEDER NO Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO)/ Red Consolider MultiDark NO UCM predoctoral grant DS Docta Complutense RD 9 abr 2025