RT Journal Article
T1 A high magnesium concentration in citrate dialysate prevents oxidative stress and damage in human monocytes "in vitro"
A1 Vida, Carmen
A1 Carracedo Añón, Julia María
A1 De Sequera Ortiz, Patricia
A1 Bodega, Guillermo
A1 Pérez García, Rafael
A1 Alique, Matilde
A1 Ramírez, Rafael
AB Background. The use of dialysis fluids (DFs) during haemodialysis has been associated with increased oxidative stress and reduced serum magnesium (Mg) levels, contributing to chronic inflammation. Since the role of Mg in modulating immune function and reducing oxidative stress has been demonstrated, the aim of this study was to characterize in vitro whether increasing the Mg concentration in DFs could protect immune cells from oxidative stress and damage.  Methods. The effect of citrate [citrate dialysis fluid (CDF), 1 mM] or acetate [acetate dialysis fluid (ADF), 3 mM] dialysates with low (0.5 mM; routinely used) or high (1 mM, 1.25 mM and 2 mM) Mg concentrations was assessed in THP-1 human monocytes. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and oxidized/reduced (GSSG/GSH) glutathione were quantified under basal and inflammatory conditions (stimulation with lipopolysaccharide, LPS).  Results. The increase of Mg in CDF resulted in a significant reduction of ROS production under basal and inflammatory conditions (extremely marked in 2 mM Mg; P < 0.001). These effects were not observed in ADF. Interestingly, in a dose-dependent manner, high Mg doses in CDF reduced oxidative stress in monocytes under both basal and inflammatory conditions. In fact, 2 mM Mg significantly decreased the levels of GSH, GSSG and MDA and the GSSG/GSH ratio in relation to 0.5 mM Mg.  Conclusions. CDF produces lower oxidative stress than ADF. The increase of Mg content in DFs, especially in CDF, could have a positive and protective effect in reducing oxidative stress and damage in immune cells, especially under inflammatory conditions.
PB Oxford University Press
SN 2048-8505
YR 2020
FD 2020-08-30
LK https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/126001
UL https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/126001
LA eng
NO Vida, C., Carracedo, J., de Sequera, P., Bodega, G., Pérez, R., Alique, M., & Ramírez, R. (2021). A high magnesium concentration in citrate dialysate prevents oxidative stress and damage in human monocytes in vitro. Clinical Kidney Journal, 14(5), 1403-1411. https://doi.org/10.1093/CKJ/SFAA131
NO This study was funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III through the projects ‘PI17/01029’ and ‘PI19/00240’ (cofunded by European Regional Development Fund ‘A way to make Europe’), Santander/UCM PR41/17-20964, Sociedad Española de Nefrología and Universidad de Alcalá grants (UAHGP2018-4 and CCG2018/BIO-010). C.V. was funded by a fellowship programme ‘Contratos Asociados a Proyectos de Investigación’, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain.
NO Instituto de Salud Carlos III
NO European Commission
NO Banco de Santander
NO Universidad Complutense de Madrid
NO Sociedad Española de Nefrología
NO Universidad de Alcalá de Henares
DS Docta Complutense
RD 21 mar 2026