%0 Journal Article
%A Fernández González, Carlos
%A Schuch, Norbert
%A Wolf, Michael M.
%A Cirac, J.I.
%A Pérez García, David
%T Gapless Hamiltonians for the Toric Code Using the Projected Entangled Pair State Formalism
%D 2012
%@ 0031-9007
%U https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/42540
%X We study Hamiltonians which have Kitaev's toric code as a ground state, and show how to construct a Hamiltonian which shares the ground space of the toric code, but which has gapless excitations with a continuous spectrum in the thermodynamic limit. Our construction is based on the framework of projected entangled pair states, and can be applied to a large class of two-dimensional systems to obtain gapless "uncle Hamiltonians."
%~