RT Journal Article T1 Urban greenspaces and nearby natural areas support similar levels of soil ecosystem services A1 Eldridge, David J. A1 Cui, Haiying A1 Ding, Jingyi A1 Berdugo Vega, Miguel A1 Sáez Sandino, Tadeo A1 Duran, Jorge A1 Gaitan, Juan A1 Blanco Pastor, José L. A1 Rodríguez, Alexandra A1 Plaza, César A1 Alfaro, Fernando A1 López Teixido, Alberto A1 Abades, Sebastian A1 Bamigboye, Adebola R. A1 Peñaloza Bojacá, Gabriel F. A1 Grebenc, Tine A1 Nahberger, Tine U. A1 Illán, Javier G. A1 Liu, Yu-Rong A1 Makhalanyane, Thulani P. A1 Rey, Ana A1 Siebe, Christina A1 Sun, Wei A1 Trivedi, Pankaj A1 Verma, Jay Prakash A1 Wang, Ling A1 Wang, Jianyong A1 Wang, Tianxue A1 Zaady, Eli A1 Zhou, Xiaobing A1 Zhou, Xin-Quan A1 Delgado Baquerizo, Manuel AB Greenspaces are important for sustaining healthy urban environments and their human populations. Yet their capacity to support multiple ecosystem services simultaneously (multiservices) compared with nearby natural ecosystems remains virtually unknown. We conducted a global field survey in 56 urban areas to investigate the influence of urban greenspaces on 23 soil and plant attributes and compared them with nearby natural environments. We show that, in general, urban greenspaces and nearby natural areas support similar levels of soil multiservices, with only six of 23 attributes (available phosphorus, water holding capacity, water respiration, plant cover, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), and arachnid richness) significantly greater in greenspaces, and one (available ammonium) greater in natural areas. Further analyses showed that, although natural areas and urban greenspaces delivered a similar number of services at low (>25% threshold) and moderate (>50%) levels of functioning, natural systems supported significantly more functions at high (>75%) levels of functioning. Management practices (mowing) played an important role in explaining urban ecosystem services, but there were no effects of fertilisation or irrigation. Some services declined with increasing site size, for both greenspaces and natural areas. Our work highlights the fact that urban greenspaces are more similar to natural environments than previously reported and underscores the importance of managing urban greenspaces not only for their social and recreational values, but for supporting multiple ecosystem services on which soils and human well-being depends. PB Springer SN 2661-8001 YR 2024 FD 2024 LK https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/118373 UL https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/118373 LA eng NO Eldridge, D.J., Cui, H., Ding, J. et al. Urban greenspaces and nearby natural areas support similar levels of soil ecosystem services. npj Urban Sustain 4, 15 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s42949-024-00154-z NO This study was supported by a 2019 Leonardo Grant for Researchers and Cultural Creators, BBVA Foundation (URBANFUN), and by the BES grant agreement No LRB17\1019 (MUSGONET). M.D-B. acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for the I + D + i project PID2020-115813RA-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. M.D-B. is also supported by a project of the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) and the Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades of the Junta de Andalucía (FEDER Andalucía 2014−2020 Objetivo temático “01 - Refuerzo de la investigación, el desarrollo tecnológico y la innovación”) associated with the research project P20_00879 (ANDABIOMA). D.J.E. is supported by the Hermon Slade Foundation (HSF21040). H.C. is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32101335), and The Young Science and Technology Talent Support Project of Jilin Province (QT202226), J.D. is supported by Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by BAST (No. BYESS2023456) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, and M.B. by a Ramón y Cajal grant (RYC2021-031797-I) from Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. F.A. acknowledges support from FONDECYT 1220358 and C.P. support from the EU’s H2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 101000224. A.R. acknowledges support from the FCT (SFRH/BDP/108913/2015), the MCTES, FSE, UE, and the CFE (UIDB/04004/2021) research unit financed by FCT/MCTES through national funds (PIDDAC). S.A. thanks the ANID/FONDECYT 1170995 and the ANID ACT 192027. T.P.M. acknowledges funding from the National Research Foundation of South Africa (UID 118981). T.G. and T.U.N. were supported by the research projects J4-3098 and J4-4547, and by the Research Program in Forest Biology, Ecology, and Technology (P4-0107) of the Slovenian Research Agency. J.P.V. thanks the SERB (EEQ/2021/001083, SIR/2022/000626), DST (DST/INT/SL/P-31/2021) and Banaras Hindu University, IoE (6031) incentives grant for providing support for Phytomicrobiome and soil microbiome research. L.W. and J.W. were supported by the Program for Introducing Talents to Universities (B16011), and the Ministry of Education Innovation Team Development Plan (2013-373). NO Fundación BBVA NO Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España) NO Junta de Andalucía NO European Commission NO Hermon Slade Foundation NO National Natural Science Foundation of China NO Gobierno de la República de China NO Chinese Association for Science and Technology NO Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities NO Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (Chile) NO Fundação para a Ciência e a tecnologia (Portugal) NO Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior (Portugal) NO National Research Foundation (South Africa) NO Slovenian Research Agency NO Banaras Hindu University NO Science and Engineering Research Board (India) DS Docta Complutense RD 10 abr 2025