RT Journal Article T1 Fractured deterrence? Franco-British nuclear doctrine convergence after Brexit and its implications for European security A1 Bardio Vaquero, Nicolás AB In the wake of Brexit and increased geopolitical uncertainty, calls for a European nuclear deterrent have resurfaced. This article compares the nuclear doctrines of France and the United Kingdom to assess whether they could form the basis of a joint European deterrence framework. Despite shared principles such as minimum deterrence and second-strike capability, the two powers differ sharply in institutional alignment, strategic culture and political intent. France positions its arsenal as a tool of strategic autonomy and potential European leadership, while the UK embeds its deterrent within NATO and remains dependent on the United States. These divergences, far from being just technical, are also political. The article argues that current doctrines do not allow for a credible shared deterrent architecture. Without supranational mechanisms for strategic decision-making and political commitment, European extended deterrence will remain structurally fragmented and dependent on U.S. guarantees. PB Taylor & Francis YR 2025 FD 2025-12-17 LK https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/129289 UL https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/129289 LA eng NO Bardio, N. (2025). Fractured deterrence? Franco-British nuclear doctrine convergence after Brexit and its implications for European security. Comparative Strategy, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/01495933.2025.2603345 DS Docta Complutense RD 31 dic 2025