%0 Journal Article
%A Huarte, Nerea
%A Carravilla, Pablo
%A Cruz Rodríguez, Antonio
%A Lorizate, Maier
%A Nieto-Garay, Jon A.
%A Kräusslich, Hans-Georg
%A Pérez-Gil, Jesús
%A Requejo Isidro, José
%A Nieva, José L.
%T Functional organization of the HIV lipid envelope
%D 2016
%@ 2045-2322, ESSN: 2045-2322
%U https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/23379
%X The chemical composition of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) membrane is critical for fusion and entry into target cells, suggesting that preservation of a functional lipid bilayer organization may be required for efficient infection. HIV-1 acquires its envelope from the host cell plasma membrane at sites enriched in raft-type lipids. Furthermore, infectious particles display aminophospholipids on their surface, indicative of dissipation of the inter-leaflet lipid asymmetry metabolically generated at cellular membranes. By combining two-photon excited Laurdan fluorescence imaging and atomic force microscopy, we have obtained unprecedented insights into the phase state of membranes reconstituted from viral lipids (i.e., extracted from infectious HIV-1 particles), established the role played by the different specimens in the mixtures, and characterized the effects of membrane-active virucidal agents on membrane organization. In determining the molecular basis underlying lipid packing and lateral heterogeneity of the HIV-1 membrane, our results may help develop compounds with antiviral activity acting by perturbing the functional organization of the lipid envelope.
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