RT Journal Article T1 Carnivores’ contributions to people in Europe A1 Palacios Pacheco, Sofía A1 Martín López, Berta A1 Expósito Granados, Mónica A1 Requena Mullor, Juan Miguel A1 Lozano Mendoza, Jorge A1 Sánchez Zapata, José Antonio A1 Morales Reyes, Zebensui A1 Castro Martínez, Antonio J. AB Human-carnivore relations in Europe have varied throughout history. Because of recent conservation efforts and passive rewilding, carnivore populations are recovering, which translates into more interactions with humans. Thus, unraveling these interactions as well as the multiple contributions carnivores provide to people is crucial to their conservation. We examined the literature conducted in Europe since 2000 and used the nature’s contributions to people (NCP) framework to identify factors that have shaped human-carnivore relations. To do so, we examined the state of scientific knowledge and relationships among types of NCP from carnivores, countries, and carnivore species; and between NCP, actors, and management actions. Results indicated that research has been oriented toward large carnivore species and their detrimental contributions to people. Further, the effectiveness of carnivore management strategies has only been evaluated and monitored in a limited set of all the research. To balance any negative views on carnivores, we suggest that the recognition of the duality of carnivores, as providers of both beneficial and detrimental contributions, should be included in EU conservation policies. PB Resilience Alliance SN 1708-3087 YR 2024 FD 2024 LK https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/118007 UL https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/118007 LA eng NO Palacios-Pacheco, S., Martín-López, B., Expósito-Granados, M., Requena-Mullor, J. M., Lozano, J., Sánchez-Zapata, J. A., Morales-Reyes, Z., & Castro, A. J. (2024). Carnivores’ contributions to people in Europe. Ecology and Society, 29(3). https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-15249-290309 NO This study is part of the scientific project “Understanding human-carnivore relationships: from social conflicts to ecosystem services,” funded by Leuphana University of Lüneburg. AJC was supported by the NSF Idaho EPSCoR Program and by the National Science Foundation under award number IIA-1301792. JL was supported by Complutense University of Madrid during the edition of this manuscript. ZMR was supported by a postdoctoral contract funded by the Junta de Andalucía (POSTDOC_21_00353). This publication was funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG). NO Kunstraum der Universität Lüneburg NO National Science Foundation (U.S.) NO Universidad Complutense de Madrid NO Junta de Andalucía NO Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft DS Docta Complutense RD 26 abr 2025