RT Journal Article T1 Maternal diversity patterns of Ibero-Atlantic populations reveal further complexity of Iberian honeybees A1 Pinto, María Alice A1 Henriques, Dora A1 Neto, Margarida A1 Guedes, Helena A1 Muñoz Gabaldón, Irene A1 Azevedo, João A1 Rúa, Pilar de la AB Dissecting complex diversity patterns typically exhibited by organisms of hybrid zones is among the greatest challenges in evolutionary biology. This has been a long-standing goal of numerous Iberian honeybee studies. Herein, we further contribute to this goal by a fine-scale maternal survey of the Portuguese honeybee populations. In addition to confirm a predicted African ancestry of Portuguese populations and negligible levels of C-lineage introgression, our fine-scale survey revealed unparalleled levels of African maternal diversity and a remarkable north–south cline formed by African haplotypes of distinct ancestry. This survey further highlights the distinctiveness of A pis mellifera iberiensis by showing the existence of highly contrasting diversity patterns between the Atlantic and Mediterranean populations. Our findings further support an ancient natural invasion of the Iberian Peninsula possibly by Apis mellifera intermissa and also by Apis mellifera sahariensis. Protecting this African legacy is of unquestionable importance, especially with Iberia becoming warmer and dryer. PB Springer Nature SN 0044-8435 YR 2013 FD 2013 LK https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/97427 UL https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/97427 LA eng NO Pinto, M.A., Henriques, D., Neto, M. et al. Maternal diversity patterns of Ibero-Atlantic populations reveal further complexity of Iberian honeybees. Apidologie 44, 430–439 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13592-013-0192-y NO Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (España) NO Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas NO Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology DS Docta Complutense RD 17 abr 2025