RT Journal Article
T1 Integration of 3D-Printed Micromixers and Spray Drying for Pulmonary Delivery of Antimicrobial Microparticles
A1 Raposo González, Rafaela
A1 González Burgos, Elena María
A1 Serrano López, Dolores Remedios
A1 Brayan J. Anaya, 
A1 Aytug Kara, 
A1 Tirado, Diego F.
A1 Lalatsa, A.
AB Pulmonary drug delivery is crucial for treating respiratory diseases, requiring precise particle engineering for optimal therapeutic efficacy. This study demonstrates a novel integration of 3D-printed microfluidic micromixerswith spray drying technology to produce inhalable azithromycin (AZM) microparticles targeting lung delivery. The formulation demonstrated effective deep lung deposition at both 30 L/min and 60 L/min flow rates. At 30 L/min, AZM-loaded microparticles achieved enhanced performance with 1.2-fold higher Fine Particle Fraction (FPF) < 5 µm and 1.4-fold higher FPF < 3 µm compared to 60 L/min. Microparticles (25 mg) can deliver anefficacious dose of AZM to the lung, exceeding the reported epidemiological cut-off for Haemophilus influenzae (4mg/L) by approximately five-fold while maintaining high human bronchial epithelial cell viability (> 94 %). Theantibacterial efficacy against H. influenzae was confirmed, demonstrating the therapeutic potential against lung pathogens. The successful deep lung deposition at both air flow rates reflects the robustness of the formulationdesign, making it suitable for diverse patient populations with varying inspiratory capabilities, including children and elderly patients.
PB Elsevier
YR 2025
FD 2025
LK https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/119954
UL https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/119954
LA eng
NO Anaya BJ, Kara A, Raposo R, Tirado DF, Lalatsa A, González-Burgos E, et al. Integration of 3D-printed micromixers and spray drying for pulmonary delivery of antimicrobial microparticles. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 2025;674:125493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125493.
NO Trabajo de investigación parcialmente financiado por la Universidad Nacional de Colombia (project reference 58990).
NO Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)
NO Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)
NO Universidad Nacional de Colombia
DS Docta Complutense
RD 8 jun 2026