RT Journal Article
T1 The missing light of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field
A1 Borlaff, Alejandro
A1 Trujillo, Ignacio
A1 Román, Javier
A1 Beckman, John E.
A1 Eliche Moral, M. Carmen
A1 Infante Sáinz, Raúl
A1 Lumbreras Calle, Alejandro
A1 Takuro Sato Martín de Almagro, Rodrigo
A1 Gómez Guijarro, Carlos
A1 Cebrián, María
A1 Dorta, Antonio
A1 Cardiel López, Nicolás
A1 Akhlaghi, Mohammad
A1 Martínez Lombilla, Cristina
AB Context. The Hubble Ultra Deep field (HUDF) is the deepest region ever observed with the Hubble Space Telescope. With the main objective of unveiling the nature of galaxies up to z ∼ 7−8, the observing and reduction strategy have focused on the properties of small and unresolved objects, rather than the outskirts of the largest objects, which are usually over-subtracted. Aims. We aim to create a new set of WFC3 IR mosaics of the HUDF using novel techniques to preserve the properties of the low surface brightness regions. Methods. We created ABYSS: a pipeline that optimises the estimate and modelling of low-level systematic effects to obtain a robust background subtraction. We have improved four key points in the reduction: 1) creation of new absolute sky flat fields, 2) extended persistence models, 3) dedicated sky background subtraction and 4) robust co-adding. Results. The new mosaics successfully recover the low surface brightness structure removed on the previous HUDF published reductions. The amount of light recovered with a mean surface brightness dimmer than µ = 26 mag arcsec^(−2) is equivalent to a m = 19 mag source when compared to the XDF and a m = 20 mag compared to the HUDF12. Conclusions. We present a set of techniques to reduce ultra-deep images ( µ > 32.5 mag arcsec^(−2) , 3σ in 10 × 10 arcsec boxes), that successfully allow us to detect the low surface brightness structure of extended sources on ultra deep surveys. The developed procedures are applicable to HST, JWST, EUCLID and many other space and ground-based observatories.
PB EDP Sciences
SN 1432-0746
YR 2019
FD 2019-01-21
LK https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/13275
UL https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/13275
LA eng
NO © ESO 2019. The authors would like to thank the XDF and HUDF12 teams for their extraordinary work in which this contribution is based on, truly standing on the shoulders of giants. This work would not have been possible without the kind assistance of all the members of the STScI Help Desk. We specially thank Knox Long by its work on persistence effects and its extraordinary support during this work. A.B. acknowledges support from the International Space Science Institute (ISSI) as part of the Exploring the Ultra-Low Surface Brightness Universe International team. Some/all of the data presented in this paper were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST). STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555. I.T. and C.M.L acknowledges the support from the SUNDIAL EU Network and from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 721463 and the SUNDIAL ITN network. C.M.L. acknowledges financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) under grant number AYA2016-76219-P. N.C acknowledged support from the Spanish Programa Nacional de Astronimía y Astrofísica under grant AYA2016-75808-R. C.G.G. acknowledges support from the European Research Council (ERC) Consolidator Grant funding scheme (project ConTExt, grant number 648179). Support for MAST for non-HST data is provided by the NASA Office of Space Science via grant NNX09AF08G and by other grants and contracts. This work was partly done using GNU Astronomy Utilities Gnuastro version 0.5. Gnuastro is a generic package for astronomical data manipulation and analysis which was primarily created and developed for research funded by the Monbukagakusho (Japanese government) scholarship and ERC advanced grant 339659-MUSICOS. Support for this work was provided by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO; grant AYA 2016-77237-C3-I-P). This research made use of Astropy (http://www.astropy.org) a communitydeveloped core Python package for Astronomy (Astropy Collaboration 2013; Price-Whelan et al. 2018).
NO Unión Europea. H2020
NO Unión Europea. FP7
NO Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO)
NO International Space Science Institute (ISSI)
NO Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy
NO UNDIAL ITN network
NO MAST for non-HST data is provided by the NASA Office of Space Science
NO Monbukagakusho (Japanese government)
DS Docta Complutense
RD 9 abr 2025