%0 Journal Article
%A Povedano Muñumel, Eloy
%A Arévalo Pérez, Beatriz
%A Valverde De La Fuente, Alejandro
%A Pastora Salvador, Natalia
%A Crespo Carballés, María José
%A Pingarrón Carrazón, José Manuel
%A Campuzano Ruiz, Susana
%A Guzmán Aránguez, Ana Isabel
%T Electrochemical immunosensing for rapid glaucoma disease diagnosis  through simultaneous determination of SPP1 and GAS6 proteins in  ocular fluids
%D 2025
%U https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/122117
%X The present work reports the development of the first electrochemical immunoplatform for the simultaneous determination of Osteopontin (SPP1) and Growth Arrest-Specific 6 (GAS6) proteins, novel glaucoma-relatedbiomarkers, involving magnetic microparticles (μMPs), specific capture (CAb) and detection (DAb) antibodies further labeled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) for the selective and sensitive sandwiching of both proteinsand amperometric detection at disposable screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs). The dual immunoplatform exhibited very attractive sensitivity, reproducibility and selectivity for the determination of both biotargets at therequired clinical levels (LOD values of 6.0 and 59.0 pg mL􀀀 1 for SPP1 and GAS6, respectively). The analysis can be simply performed in less than 90 min. The dual immunoplatform was applied with very promising results tothe analysis of aqueous humor samples from Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL), cataracts (CAT), and glaucoma (GLAU) patients. The diagnostic usefulness of SPP1 and GAS6 determination to discriminate between the threetypes of patients and its potential as a simple, rapid, and minimally invasive tool to support early diagnosis and follow-up of GLAU disease was proved. In addition, a proof-of-concept test using tear samples from a healthyvolunteer supports the possibility of detecting these markers in this type of sample.
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