RT Book, Section T1 Hate Speech A1 Paz Rebollo, María Antonia A1 Segado Boj, Francisco José A2 Nai, Alessandro A2 Grömping, M. A2 Wirz, D AB The rise of online hate speech has been fuelled in several countries by political polarisation and the growth of the alt-right movement. While this form of hate speech is not a criminal offence, it has serious psychological and social consequences for vulnerable target groups. There is no universally accepted definition of hate speech, but some indicators can be identified, including sexist language, denial of human rights, incitement to violence and negative stereotyping of minorities. Hate speech relies on simplistic explanations and discursive strategies that promote group inclusion/exclusion and antagonism. They are rooted in contemporary populist movements and can lead to stochastic terrorism. These can also affect public opinion, shift the Overton Window of acceptable Political Possibility, and influence the media agenda. While authorities, journalists, cultural actors, and citizens are all involved in combating hate speech, this raises a debate about freedom of expression PB Edward Elgar Publishing YR 2024 FD 2024 LK https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/108062 UL https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/108062 LA eng NO Paz-Rebollo, María Antonia & Segado.Boj, Francisco (2025), Hate Speech. In Nai, A., Grömping, M., & Wirz, D. (Eds). Elgar Encyclopedia of Political Communication. Edward Elgar Publishing. Accepted version. NO Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España) DS Docta Complutense RD 8 abr 2025