RT Journal Article T1 Understanding knowledge and creativity-based development in well-established cities and urban regions A1 Bontje, Marco A1 Musterd, Sako A1 Sánchez Moral, Simón Guillermo AB Developing creative and knowledge-intensive economic activities is an objective for many well-established cities and urban regions. We aim to enhance the understanding of that process by focusing on the institutional and local/regional contexts in which the activities take place. We offer a 'thick description' showing the role played by deep structural and contemporary contexts in the growth of these activities. The regions of Madrid and Amsterdam have been selected to illustrate our ideas and method. They appear equally well-established, are well-embedded in the global economy and are both strong economic centres. However, they are also well-positioned to demonstrate that specific contexts have influenced their development. In particular, Madrid's political and economic ruptures seem decisive in its development, while in Amsterdam it is self-reinforcing paths that appear crucial. We suggest developing tailored context-sensitive urban policies. These will be effective, but will also reduce the risk of losing local characteristics that may offer a unique competitive advantage. PB InderScience SN 2040-4468 YR 2018 FD 2018 LK https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/104794 UL https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/104794 LA eng NO Simón Sánchez-Moral & Marco Bontje & Sako Musterd, 2018. "Understanding knowledge and creativity-based development in well-established cities and urban regions," International Journal of Knowledge-Based Development, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 9(4), pages 361-385 NO Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación / AEI / FEDER DS Docta Complutense RD 6 abr 2025