RT Journal Article T1 Consumption after dark exploring spatio-temporal patterns of spending in the night-time economy A1 de las Obras-Loscertales Sampériz, Julia A1 García Palomares, Juan Carlos A1 Ramiro-Fariñas, Diego A1 Hernández Martín-Caro, María Soledad A1 Gutiérrez Puebla, Javier AB The concept of the night-time economy has gained attention in recent years as cities around the world recognize the potential of night-time activities. Most research on the night-time economy adopts a social perspective, without examining this topic from an economic approach, probably because official statistics do not provide suitable information for this purpose. The availability of data on bank card transactions opens new avenues in the study of the night-time economy by providing information on night-time spending in city establishments. This article explores the spatial and temporal patterns of night-time spending by combining different data sources -bank transaction data, mobile phone data, social networks, cadastral records, etc.-, taking the city of Madrid as the study area. The results reveal that night-time spending in establishments in the city of Madrid is equivalent to approximately 30 % of total spending. They also show that the spatial concentration of night-time spending increases as the night progresses, and that the structure of spending is much more diversified in the evening than at dinner time and late at night. Explanatory models (Ordinary Least Squares and Random Forest regression) show that variables related to bars and restaurants, retail area, popularity of establishments, and tourist accommodations have strong explanatory power over the spatial distribution of night-time spending. The article shows that the analysis of bank card transaction data provides information of great interest to urban managers and planners. PB Elsevier YR 2025 FD 2025-04 LK https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/120610 UL https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/120610 LA eng NO De Las Obras-Loscertales, J., García-Palomares, J. C., Ramiro-Fariñas, D., Martín-Caro, M. S. H., & Gutiérrez, J. (2025). Consumption after dark exploring spatio-temporal patterns of spending in the night-time economy. Cities, 159, 105726. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2025.105726 NO Ayuntamiento de Madrid NO Universidad Complutense DS Docta Complutense RD 18 mar 2026