RT Journal Article
T1 Molecular epidemiology of Salmonella Enteritidis in humans and animals in Spain
A1 Samper Cativiela, Clara
A1 Torre Fuentes, Laura
A1 Diéguez-Roda, Bernabé
A1 Maex, Margo
A1 Ugarte Ruiz, María
A1 Carrizo, Paula
A1 Hernández, Marta
A1 Höfle, Úrsula
A1 Sáez, José Luis
A1 de Frutos, Cristina
A1 Agüero, Montserrat
A1 Moreno Romo, Miguel Ángel
A1 Domínguez Rodríguez, Lucas José
A1 Herrera León, Silvia
A1 Álvarez Sánchez, Julio
AB Salmonella Enteritidis, the most prevalent serovar-causing human gastroenteritis, has been traditionally linked to poultry sources. Although antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is not common in this serovar, increasing levels of resistance to fluoroquinolones and ampicillin have been reported in the last few years. Here, 298 isolates retrieved from different sources (human, livestock, wildlife, food, and environment) and years (2002–2021) in Spain were analyzed to evaluate their diversity, the distribution of AMR-conferring genes (ARGs), and mutations and reconstruct the epidemiology of infection due to this serovar. Isolates were clustered in two major clades (I and II), with strains in clade I (including 61.5% of all human isolates) displaying a pan-susceptible phenotype and not carrying AMR determinants. In contrast, clade II included 80.7% of isolates from animal/food/environmental sources, with the majority (69.8%) harboring mutations in the quinolone resistance determinant regions (QRDR). ARGs, although rare, were mostly found in clade II strains that also carried plasmid replicons, among which IncX1 was the most common. Although higher levels of phenotypic resistance were found in animal isolates, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, plasmid-mediated AmpC, and carbapenemase-encoding genes were only found among human isolates. In summary, the majority of human and animal isolates from Spanish sources in our collection were classified in different phylogenetic branches, suggesting that additional sources are contributing to the occurrence of foodborne infections in Spain. Furthermore, the different distributions of virulence factors and ARGs in isolates from different sources and their association with specific plasmids suggest the presence of different dynamics contributing to the selection of resistant strains.
PB American Society for Microbiology
SN 0066-4804
YR 2025
FD 2025-04-02
LK https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/119584
UL https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/119584
LA eng
NO Samper-Cativiela C, Torre-Fuentes L, Diéguez-Roda B, Maex M, Ugarte-Ruiz M, Carrizo P, Hernández M, Höfle Ú, Sáez JL, de Frutos C, Agüero M, Moreno MÁ, Domínguez L, Herrera-León S, Alvarez J.(2025)Molecular epidemiology of Salmonella Enteritidis in humans and animals in Spain. Antimicrob Agents Chemother69:e00738-24.https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.00738-24
NO AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS Clara Samper-Cativiela, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft | Laura Torre-Fuentes, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review and editing | Bernabé Diéguez-Roda, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – review and editing | Margo Maex, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – review and editing | María Ugarte-Ruiz, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review and editing | Paula Carrizo, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review and editing | Marta Hernández, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – review and editing | Úrsula Höfle, Investigation, Resources, Writing – review and editing | José Luis Sáez, Investigation, Resources, Writing – review and editing | Cristina de Frutos, Investigation, Resources, Writing – review and editing | Montserrat Agüero, Investigation, Resources, Writing – review and editing | Miguel Ángel Moreno, Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review and editing | Lucas Domínguez, Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review and editing | Silvia Herrera-León, Conceptualization, Investigation, Resources, Writing – review and editing | Julio Alvarez, Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review and editing
NO Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)
NO European Commission
NO Universidad Complutense de Madrid
DS Docta Complutense
RD 7 jul 2025