RT Journal Article
T1 Evolutionary Analysis of a Parrot Bornavirus 2 Detected in a Sulphur-Crested Cockatoo (Cacatua galerita) Suggests a South American Ancestor
A1 Chacón, Ruy D.
A1 Sánchez Llatas, Christian J.
A1 Diaz Forero, Andrea J.
A1 Guimarães, Marta B.
A1 Pajuelo, Sarah L.
A1 Astolfi-Ferreira, Claudete S.
A1 Piantino Ferreira, Antonio J.
AB Parrot bornavirus (PaBV) is an RNA virus that causes Proventricular Dilatation Disease (PDD), neurological disorders, and death in Psittaciformes. Its diversity in South America is poorly known. We examined a Cacatua galerita presenting neuropathies, PDD, and oculopathies as the main signs. We detected PaBV through reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and partial sequencing of the nucleoprotein (N) and matrix (M) genes. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic inferences classified it as PaBV-2. The nucleotide identity of the sequenced strain ranged from 88.3% to 90.3% against genotype PaBV-2 and from 80.2% to 84.4% against other genotypes. Selective pressure analysis detected signs of episodic diversifying selection in both the N and M genes. No recombination events were detected. Phylodynamic analysis estimated the time to the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) as the year 1758 for genotype PaBV-2 and the year 1049 for the Orthobornavirus alphapsittaciforme species. Substitution rates were estimated at 2.73 × 10−4 and 4.08 × 10−4 substitutions per year per site for N and M, respectively. The analysis of population dynamics showed a progressive decline in the effective population size during the last century. Timescale phylogeographic analysis revealed a potential South American ancestor as the origin of genotypes 1, 2, and 8. These results contribute to our knowledge of the evolutionary origin, diversity, and dynamics of PaBVs in South America and the world. Additionally, it highlights the importance of further studies in captive Psittaciformes and the potential impact on endangered wild birds.
AB Simple Summary: Parrot bornavirus (PaBV) causes Proventricular Dilatation Disease (PDD), a fatal neurological disorder in Psittaciformes. Its diversity in South America is poorly known. We detected the first case of a genotype 2 (PaBV-2) infection in Cacatua galerita in Brazil, which presented severe neuropathies and PDD. Evolutionary analysis estimated a potential Brazilian (or South American) ancestor as the origin of this genotype and possibly other genotypes of the Orthobornavirus alphapsittaciforme species. Additionally, a progressive decline in the size of the effective population was observed, which could be related to various factors, such as biodiversity loss and ecosystem disruption. The emergence or reemergence of PaBVs related to ancestral strains in Brazil and South America is a matter of concern, as the spread of these viruses poses a risk to bird biodiversity and endangered species. These results underscore the need for surveillance studies in this region.
PB MDPI
YR 2023
FD 2023-12-22
LK https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/103921
UL https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/103921
LA eng
NO Chacón, R.D.; Sánchez Llatas, C.J.; Diaz Forero, A.J.; Guimarães, M.B.; Pajuelo, S.L.; Astolfi-Ferreira, C.S.; Ferreira, A.J.P. Evolutionary Analysis of a Parrot Bornavirus 2 Detected in a Sulphur-Crested Cockatoo (Cacatua galerita) Suggests a South American Ancestor. Animals 2024, 14, 47. https://doi.org/10.3390/ ani14010047
NO Author Contributions: Conceptualization, A.J.P.F. and R.D.C.; methodology, R.D.C., C.J.S.-L., A.J.D.F., S.L.P. and M.B.G.; formal analysis, R.D.C., C.J.S.-L. and A.J.D.F.; resources, M.B.G., C.S.A.-F. and A.J.P.F.; writing—original draft preparation, R.D.C., C.J.S.-L. and A.J.D.F.; writing—review and editing, R.D.C., C.J.S.-L., A.J.D.F., M.B.G., S.L.P., C.S.A.-F. and A.J.P.F.; visualization, R.D.C. and C.J.S.-L.; funding acquisition, C.S.A.-F. and A.J.P.F. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
NO Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Tecnológico (Brasil)
DS Docta Complutense
RD 10 abr 2025