RT Journal Article
T1 Metabolomic signatures of tuberculosis and paratuberculosis in goats revealed by high-resolution and benchtop NMR spectroscopy
A1 Alonso Moreno, María del Pilar
A1 Ortiz Sánchez, Paula
A1 Ortega, Javier
A1 Velasco, Carlos
A1 López, Alba
A1 Bezos Garrido, Javier
A1 Izquierdo García, José Luis
AB Goats represent a significant reservoir for tuberculosis (TB) in animals, contributing notably to public and animal health challenges, causing economic repercussions. Ante mortem diagnosis of TB is hindered by the limited sensitivity of available techniques and false-positive results from other mycobacterial infections, such as paratuberculosis (PTB). Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics provides unique fingerprinting of the disease's metabolic status, making it a promising diagnostic tool. However, conventional high-resolution NMR has limitations in veterinary practice, where high costs and large equipment size are major constraints. Benchtop NMR spectrometer is proposed as a compact, cost-effective alternative for livestock farms. The study aimed to evaluate NMR-based metabolomics as a diagnostic tool and transfer it from high-resolution to benchtop NMR spectrometers in an animal setting. Serum samples from TB-infected, PTB-infected (n = 16), and healthy control goats (HC) were analyzed by both high-resolution and benchtop NMR spectroscopy. Multivariate statistical analysis successfully differentiated groups on the basis of their metabolic profiles with both spectrometers. We identified that betaine, glucose, glycerol, and lactate are significantly capable of distinguishing between the three groups. Additionally, 3-hydroxybutyrate, creatine, glutamate, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, threonine, and tyrosine further differentiate TB from HC. Acetate, creatine, glutamate, isoleucine, leucine, and lysine distinguish TB from PTB, while 3-hydroxybutyrate and phenylalanine serve to differentiate PTB from HC. Analyses with both high-resolution and benchtop spectrometers demonstrated high sensitivity and accuracy and reliable metabolite identification. These findings highlight NMR's spectroscopy potential to identify biomarkers associated with TB and PTB infection, improving health management in livestock
PB BioMed Central
SN 0928-4249
YR 2025
FD 2025
LK https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/130558
UL https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/130558
LA eng
NO Alonso-Moreno, P., Ortiz, P., Ortega, J., Velasco, C., López, A., Bezos, J., & Izquierdo-Garcia, J. L. (2025). Metabolomic signatures of tuberculosis and paratuberculosis in goats revealed by high-resolution and benchtop NMR spectroscopy. Veterinary research, 57(1), 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-025-01686-7
NO Authors’ contributions:Conceptualization, JLI-G, JB; analysis and interpretation of the data, PA-M, PO,AL, JLI-G.; writing, original draft preparation, PA-M, JLI-G; writing—review andediting, PA-M, JO, CV, JB, JLI-G; funding acquisition, PA-M, JO, CV, JB, JLI-G. Allauthors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
NO Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)
NO Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentacion (España)
NO Comunidad de Madrid
NO European Commission
DS Docta Complutense
RD 8 jun 2026