RT Journal Article
T1 Level TE9c of Sima del Elefante (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain): A comprehensive approach
A1 Huguet Pamiès, Rosa
A1 Vallverdú Poch, Josep
A1 Rodríguez Alvarez, Xosé Pedro
A1 Terradillos Bernal, Marcos
A1 Bargalló, Amèlia
A1 Lombera Hermida, Arturo de
A1 Menéndez, L.
A1 Modesto Mata, Mario
A1 Van der Made, Jan
A1 Soto, María
A1 Blain, Hugues-Alexandre
A1 García García, Nuria
A1 Cuenca Bescós, Gloria
A1 Gomez Merino, Gala
A1 Perez Martínez, R.
A1 Expósito, Isabel
A1 Allué, Ethel
A1 Rofes, Juan
A1 Burjachs Casas, Francesc
A1 Canals, Antoni
A1 Bennàsar, Maria
A1 Nuñez Lahuerta, Carmen
A1 Bermúdez de Castro, José María
A1 Carbonell i Roura, Eudald
AB Level TE9c of the Sima del Elefante site (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain) is one of the oldest sites with evidence of human occupation in western Europe. We began excavating level TE9c in 2003, and the work there continues today. The studies of the archaeology, palaeontology and geology from this locality have provided an indispensable dataset with which to capture a picture in the scenario of the origin of humans in Europe. Based on these data, we raise and discuss several topics, such as the possible origin of the lineage of the first hominins that inhabited western Europe; their capacity to have active hunting or scavenging abilities; whether their subsistence strategies were successful; and what the environment and habitats where these hominin groups settled was like. The aim of this paper is to present the results and discussions obtained from the research team and to establish the primary features of early human occupations in southwestern Europe. Tentatively, we may conclude, based on the events recorded at TE9c, that the first humans were in the Iberian peninsula at around 1.2 Ma they used the caves of the Sierra de Atapuerca as shelters probably during their hunting activities; the cavities were surrounded by Mediterranean forest, rivers and water ponds, and varied habitats as suggested by the rich and diverse assemblage of fossils of vertebrates (fish, amphibians and reptiles, birds, large and small mammals); where humans possibly caught what they found in the surroundings.
PB Elsevier
SN 1040-6182
YR 2017
FD 2017-03-17
LK https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/18420
UL https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/18420
LA eng
NO Unión Europea. FP7
NO Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO)
NO AGAUR
NO Generalitat de Catalunya
NO Atapuerca Foundation
DS Docta Complutense
RD 17 abr 2025