RT Journal Article T1 Efficiency measurement and cross-country differences among schools: A robust conditional nonparametric analysis A1 Cordero Ferrera, José Manuel A1 Polo Fernández, Cristina A1 Santín González, Daniel A1 Simancas Rodríguez, Rosa AB Analyzing the efficiency of educational systems is one of the main focuses of the policy debate to promote national competitiveness and future economic growth. In this paper, we assess the performance of secondary schools from 36 countries (26 OECD countries and 10 partners) participating in PISA 2012. For this purpose, we apply a robust conditional nonparametric approach that allows us to incorporate the effect of contextual factors at both school and country level in the estimation of efficiency measures. Our results suggest that there is a greater heterogeneity across countries than across schools. Particularly, we find that differences in efficiency estimates are mainly explained by economic indicators and cultural values. In contrast, some factors previously identified as potential determinants of student achievement, like the existence of tracking or central examinations, do not seem to significantly affect the efficiency of secondary schools. PB Elsevier SN 0264-9993 YR 2018 FD 2018-08 LK https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/12311 UL https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/12311 LA eng NO Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (MINECO) NO Junta de Extremadura DS Docta Complutense RD 9 abr 2025