RT Journal Article
T1 Host specialization is ancestral in Torymus (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) cynipid gall parasitoids
A1 Gil Tapetado, Diego
A1 Durán Montes, Patricia
A1 García París, Mario
A1 López Estrada, E. Karen
A1 Sánchez Vialas, Alberto
A1 Jiménez Ruiz, Yolanda
A1 Gómez, José F.
A1 Nieves Aldrey, José Luis
AB The host range of parasitoids varies greatly among species: Some only parasitize one to a few hosts (specialists), while others parasitize multiple species or a variety of host types (generalists). The direction of most host range shifts in parasitoid groups, that is from generalist to specialist or, alternatively, from specialist to generalist, is unknown. To explore the origin of host range shifts, we studied a clade within the genus Torymus (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) that includes both generalist and specialist parasitoids of Cynipidae (Hymenoptera). We analysed the phylogenetic relationships of the species of Torymus on the basis of two gene fragments (cox1 and ITS2) of 246 specimens and performed an ancestral state reconstruction of the specialist/generalist trait. Our results revealed the following: (a) The ancestral state of this group of Torymus is specialist, with the generalist state evolving through a loss of specialization. (b) The species Torymus cyaneus and Torymus flavipes both have a strong genetic structure, suggesting the existence of different biological identities. (c) There has been a host plant shift in the lineage(s) leading to Torymus rubi and Torymus bedeguaris from galls on Quercus to those on Rosaceae. (d) The alien species Torymus sinensis and the native European species Torymus notatus are phylogenetically closely related. (e) Speciation within Torymus was likely associated with the diversification of their cynipid hosts, which itself was driven by the dramatic changes in climate and vegetation that occurred during the Miocene.
PB Wiley
SN 1463-6409
YR 2021
FD 2021-10-29
LK https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/4979
UL https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/4979
LA eng
NO Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO)/FEDER
NO Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN)
NO Agencia Española de Investigación (AEI)/FEDER/UE
NO Ministerio de Agricultura y Pesca, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente / CSIC
DS Docta Complutense
RD 25 abr 2025