RT Journal Article
T1 Effects of Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanostructures on CD4+ Th2 Lymphocytes
A1 Feito Castellano, María José
A1 Cicuéndez Maroto, Mónica
A1 Casarrubios Molina, Laura
A1 Díez Orejas, Rosalía María
A1 Fateixa, Sara
A1 Silva, Daniela
A1 Barroca, Nathalie
A1 Marques, Paula A. A. P.
A1 Portolés Pérez, María Teresa
AB The activation of T helper (Th) lymphocytes is necessary for the adaptive immune response as they contribute to the stimulation of B cells (for the secretion of antibodies) and macrophages (for phagocytosis and destruction of pathogens) and are necessary for cytotoxic T-cell activation to kill infected target cells. For these issues, Th lymphocytes must be converted into Th effector cells after their stimulation through their surface receptors TCR/CD3 (by binding to peptide-major histocompatibility complex localized on antigen-presenting cells) and the CD4 co-receptor. After stimulation, Th cells proliferate and differentiate into subpopulations, like Th1, Th2 or Th17, with different functions during the adaptative immune response. Due to the central role of the activation of Th lymphocytes for an accurate adaptative immune response and considering recent preclinical advances in the use of nanomaterials to enhance T-cell therapy, we evaluated in vitro the effects of graphene oxide (GO) and two types of reduced GO (rGO15 and rGO30) nanostructures on the Th2 lymphocyte cell line SR.D10. This cell line offers the possibility of studying their activation threshold by employing soluble antibodies against TCR/CD3 and against CD4, as well as the simultaneous activation of these two receptors. In the present study, the effects of GO, rGO15 and rGO30 on the activation/proliferation rate of these Th2 lymphocytes have been analyzed by studying cell viability, cell cycle phases, intracellular content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cytokine secretion. High lymphocyte viability values were obtained after treatment with these nanostructures, as well as increased proliferation in the presence of rGOs. Moreover, rGO15 treatment decreased the intracellular ROS content of Th2 cells in all stimulated conditions. The analysis of these parameters showed that the presence of these GO and rGO nanostructures did not alter the response of Th2 lymphocytes.
PB MDPI
SN 1661-6596
YR 2022
FD 2022-09-13
LK https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/125235
UL https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/125235
LA eng
NO Feito, M. J., Cicuéndez, M., Casarrubios, L., Diez-Orejas, R., Fateixa, S., Silva, D., Barroca, N., Marques, P. A. A. P., & Portolés, M. T. (2022). Effects of Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanostructures on CD4+ Th2 Lymphocytes. International journal of molecular sciences, 23(18). https://doi.org/10.3390/IJMS231810625
NO This work has been supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (H2020-FETOPEN-2018-2020, NeuroStimSpinal Project, Grant Agreement No. 829060). M.C. acknowledges the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme for her contract under the NeuroStimSpinal Project. L.C. is grateful to Universidad Complutense de Madrid for a UCM fellowship. D.S. acknowledges the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme for her Ph.D. grant under the NeuroStimSpinal Project. S.F. thanks FCT for her research contract (REF-069-88-ARH-2018), which is funded by national funds (OE), through FCT-Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P., in the scope of the framework contract foreseen in the numbers 4, 5 and 6 of the article 23, of the Decree-30 Law 57/2016, of August 29, changed by Law 57/2017, of July 19. This work was also developed within the scope of the projects: TEMA: UIDB/00481/2020 and UIDP/00481/2020- FCT; and CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-022083 - Centro Portugal Regional Operational Programme (Centro2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund; and CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials: UIDB/50011/2020, UIDP/50011/2020 and LA/P/0006/2020, financed by national funds through the FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC).
NO European Commission
NO Universidad Complutense de Madrid
NO Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
NO Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior (Portugal)
NO CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials (Portugal)
DS Docta Complutense
RD 2 abr 2026