%0 Journal Article
%A Manjón Caballero, José Luis
%A Díaz Morales, Juan Francisco
%T Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire: Reliability and factorial structure of the full and reduced versions in Spanish adolescents
%D 2025
%@ 0742-0528
%U https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/121016
%X This study analyzed the suitability of the Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) for Spanish adolescents, focusing on reliability, structure, and age/sex invariance. 2,268 adolescents (49.1% girls, aged 12–17) participated. Four MEQ items were unsuitable, leading to a 15-item version (MEQ-15) with good reliability and fit to a bifactor model: general morningness–eveningness factor and awakening time, sleep time, and time of greatest efficiency factors. The reduced MEQ (rMEQ) also fit a one-factor model. Sex and age invariance were tenable for the general factor of MEQ-15 and rMEQ. Morningness declines during adolescence, with boys showing more morningness than girls. Both versions show good psychometric properties.
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