RT Journal Article T1 Unmasking the ancestral activity of integron integrases reveals a smooth evolutionary transition during functional innovation A1 Loot, Celine A1 Parissi, Vincent A1 Nivina, Aleksandra A1 Bouchier, Christiane A1 Mazel, Didier A1 Escudero García-Calderón, José Antonio AB Tyrosine (Y)-recombinases have evolved to deliver mechanistically different reactions on a variety of substrates, but these evolutionary transitions are poorly understood. Among them, integron integrases are hybrid systems recombining single- and double-stranded DNA partners. These reactions are asymmetric and need a replicative resolution pathway, an exception to the canonical second strand exchange model of Y-recombinases. Integron integrases possess a specific domain for this specialized pathway. Here we show that despite this, integrases are still capable of efficiently operating the ancestral second strand exchange in symmetrical reactions between double-stranded substrates. During these reactions, both strands are reactive and Holliday junction resolution can follow either pathway. A novel deep-sequencing approach allows mapping of the crossover point for the second strand exchange. The persistence of the ancestral activity in integrases illustrates their robustness and shows that innovation towards new recombination substrates and resolution pathways was a smooth evolutionary process. PB Nature Research YR 2016 FD 2016-03-10 LK https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/100444 UL https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/100444 LA eng NO ContributionsJ.A.E., C.L. and D.M. designed the experiments. J.A.E., C.L., V.P. and A.N. performed the experiments. J.A.E. and C.B. produced and analysed the deep-sequencing data. J.A.E. and D.M. wrote the paper. NO Institut Pasteur NO Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS-UMR3525) NO European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7-HEALTH- 2011-single-stage) NO ‘Evolution and Transfer of Antibiotic Resistance’ (EvoTAR) NO French Government’s Investissement d’Avenir program Laboratoire d’Excellence ‘Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases’ (ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID) NO French National Research Agency (ANR-12-BLAN-DynamINT) NO Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship for Career Development (FP-7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF, ICADIGE) DS Docta Complutense RD 9 abr 2025