RT Journal Article T1 Onset of convection, heat flowand thickness of the Europa's Ice Shell A1 Ruiz PĂ©rez, Javier AB The observational evidence given by Galileo spacecraft about Europa supports an icyrigid layer of several kilometers over another ductile layer of ice in convection, which floats over aninternal ocean of liquid water. Before the onset of convection, heat is transmitted into the crust byconduction. The heat flow analysis in the potentially convective layer gives values higher than thoseobtained previously by tidal dissipation models, and suggests that the ice may be limited to a thinlayer of 4 km total thickness. PB Kluwer Academic Publishers. SN 0167-9295 YR 1999 FD 1999-04-07 LK https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/56765 UL https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/56765 LA eng DS Docta Complutense RD 29 abr 2024