%0 Journal Article
%A Martínez, Isidoro 
%A Oliveros, Juan
%A Cuesta, Isabel
%A Barrera, Jorge
%A Ausina, Vicente
%A Casals Carro, María Cristina
%A Lorenzo, Alba de 
%A García, Ernesto
%A García-Fojeda García-Valdecasas, María Belén
%A Garmendia, Junkal 
%A González-Nicolau, Mar
%A Lacoma, Alicia
%A Menéndez, Margarita
%A Moranta, David 
%A Nieto, Amelia 
%A Ortín, Juan
%A Pérez-González, Alicia 
%A Prat, Cristina 
%A Ramos-Sevillano, Elisa 
%A Regueiro, Verónica
%A Rodriguez-Frandsen, Ariel 
%A Solís, Dolores 
%A Yuste, José 
%A Bengoechea, José 
%A Melero, José 
%T Apoptosis, Toll-like, RIG-I-like and NOD-like Receptors Are Pathways Jointly Induced by Diverse Respiratory Bacterial and Viral Pathogens
%D 2017
%@ 1664-302X
%U https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/94519
%X Lower respiratory tract infections are among the top five leading causes of human death. Fighting these infections is therefore a world health priority. Searching for induced alterations in host gene expression shared by several relevant respiratory pathogens represents an alternative to identify new targets for wide-range host-oriented therapeutics. With this aim, alveolar macrophages were independently infected with three unrelated bacterial (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus) and two dissimilar viral (respiratory syncytial virus and influenza A virus) respiratory pathogens, all of them highly relevant for human health. Cells were also activated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a prototypical pathogen-associated molecular pattern. Patterns of differentially expressed cellular genes shared by the indicated pathogens were searched by microarray analysis. Most of the commonly up-regulated host genes were related to the innate immune response and/or apoptosis, with Toll-like, RIG-I-like and NOD-like receptors among the top 10 signaling pathways with over-expressed genes. These results identify new potential broad-spectrum targets to fight the important human infections caused by the bacteria and viruses studied here.
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