RT Journal Article T1 Ion-induced bias in Ag2S luminescent nanothermometers A1 París Ogayar, Marina A1 Méndez González, Diego A1 Zabala Gutiérrez, Irene A1 Artiga, Alvaro A1 Rubio Retama, Benito Jorge A1 Gómez Calderón, Óscar A1 Melle Hernández, Sonia A1 Alda Serrano, Javier A1 Espinosa, Ana A1 Jaque, Daniel A1 Marín Viadel, Ricardo AB Luminescence nanothermometry allows measuring temperature remotely and in a minimally invasive way by using the luminescence signal provided by nanosized materials. This technology has allowed, for example, the determination of intracellular temperature and in vivo monitoring of thermal processes in animal models. However, in the biomedical context, this sensing technology is crippled by the presence of bias (cross-sensitivity) that reduces the reliability of the thermal readout. Bias occurs when the impact of environmental conditions different from temperature also modifies the luminescence of the nanothermometers. Several sources that cause loss of reliability have been identified, mostly related to spectral distortions due to interaction between photons and biological tissues. In this work, we unveil an unexpected source of bias induced by metal ions. Specifically, we demonstrate that the reliability of Ag2S nanothermometers is compromised during the monitoring of photothermal processes produced by iron oxide nanoparticles. The observed bias occurs due to the heat-induced release of iron ions, which interact with the surface of the Ag2S nanothermometers, enhancing their emission. The results herein reported raise a warning to the community working on luminescence nanothermometry, since they reveal that the possible sources of bias in complex biological environments, rich in molecules and ions, are more numerous than previously expected. PB Royal Society of chemistry SN 2040-3364 YR 2023 FD 2023-10-19 LK https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/91071 UL https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/91071 LA eng NO París Ogáyar M, Mendez-Gonzalez D, Zabala Gutierrez I, Artiga Á, Rubio-Retama J, Calderón OG, Melle S, Serrano A, Espinosa A, Jaque D, Marin R. Ion-induced bias in Ag2S luminescent nanothermometers. Nanoscale. 2023 Nov 16;15(44):17956-17962. doi: 10.1039/d3nr03728b. PMID: 37905397. NO Ministerio de Ciencia en Innovación (España) DS Docta Complutense RD 10 abr 2025