RT Book, Section
T1 Nanocellulose, a promising raw material: Improving the scalability of TEMPO-mediated oxidation
A1 Sánchez Salvador, José Luis
A1 Xu, Hongyu
A1 Balea Martín, Ana
A1 Fuente González, Elena de la
A1 Monte Lara, María Concepción
A1 Blanco Suárez, María Ángeles
A1 Negro Álvarez, Carlos Manuel
AB Nanocellulose is a promising raw material due to its distinctive properties, including renewable origin, biodegradability, lightweight, and high mechanical strength. It has a very high potential to enhance products in a broad spectrum of applications. However, the production of highly fibrillated cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) remains costly due to the high energy and chemical consumption. TEMPO-mediated oxidation (TMO) is the most widely accepted pretreatment for CNF production due to its high efficiency and selectivity. However, challenges associated with scaling up this process are limiting their implementation, as high catalysts and oxidant doses, extended reaction times, and large reaction volumes. Several strategies have been developed with the aim of enhancing the CNF production and optimizing the overall process. These strategies include real-time monitoring of the reaction parameters, optimizing pulp concentration, reusing the reaction medium, and using different reactor configurations such as kneaders and twin-screw extruders. These advancements are reviewed to show the significant and critical progress carried out in the last decade toward achieving more efficient and sustainable nanocellulose production.
PB IntechOpen
YR 2025
FD 2025-02-18
LK https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/125153
UL https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/125153
LA eng
NO Sanchez-Salvador, J.L., Xu, H., Balea, A., Fuente, E., Concepcion Monte, M., Blanco, A., & Negro, C. (2025). Nanocellulose, a Promising Raw Material: Improving the Scalability of TEMPO-Mediated Oxidation Process. IntechOpen. doi: 10.5772/intechopen.1008755
NO Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades
DS Docta Complutense
RD 20 ene 2026