RT Journal Article
T1 Chlorinated organic compounds in liquid wastes (DNAPL) from lindane production dumped in landfills in Sabiñanigo (Spain)
A1 Santos López, Aurora
A1 Jesús Fernández, 
A1 Joaquín Guadaño, 
A1 Lorenzo Fernández, David
A1 Romero Salvador, Arturo
AB α β and γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) are persistent and bioaccumulative pollutants and they were included in the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). Old lindane factories generated high amounts of wastes with HCH and other Chlorinated Organic Compounds (COCS). These were often dumped in the surroundings of the production sites, polluting soil and groundwaters with the associated risk of surface pollution. This is the case of the Sardas and Bailin landfills, located in Sabiñánigo (Huesca, Spain). Among the waste from lindane production, a liquid residue was detected in the landfill subsurfaces, forming a dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) composed of HCH isomers, benzene and chlorobenzenes, with a high impact on groundwater pollution. In this study, six DNAPL samples obtained from the Bailin and Sardas landfills were analyzed by GC/MSD and GC/FID/ECD. Compounds were identified using mass spectra and the retention index from pure standards and literature information. Pure positional isomers of dichlorobenzene (DCB), trichlorobenzene (TCB), tetrachlorobenzene (TetraCB), HCH and pentachlorocyclohexene (PentaCX) were distinguished and quantified. In addition, heptachlorocyclohexane (HeptaCH) isomers, precursors of hexacholorocylohexene (HexaCX), were also identified and quantified in the DNAPL samples, although the corresponding isomers could not be discriminated. Information about PentaCX, HexaCx and HeptaCH identification is very limited in the literature. HCH contents in the DNAPL ranged from 22% to 30% in weight, the major isomers being lindane and δ-HCH, followed by α-HCH. The β isomer was the least abundant. HeptaCH contents were present in the same order of magnitude as HCHs in the DNAPL. PentaCXs and HexaCXs could have appeared as dehydrochlorination derivatives of HCHs and HeptaCHs, respectively. Two of the DNAPLs analyzed showed a higher content of TCBs and TetraCBs, associated with lower HCH and HeptaCH contents. Variations of these compounds in the DNAPL could be related to an alkaline dehydrochlorination in the landfill conditions. Six DNAPL samples, as waste disposal from lindane production, obtained from Sabiñánigo landfills (Huesca, Spain) have been fully characterized, quantifying and identifying twenty-eight Chlorinated Organic Compounds, from chlorobenzene to heptachlorocyclohexane.
PB Elsevier
SN 0269-7491
YR 2018
FD 2018-07-28
LK https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/99918
UL https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/99918
LA eng
NO Regional Government of Madrid
NO Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness
DS Docta Complutense
RD 11 ago 2024