RT Book, Section T1 Hypothyroidism and Thyroid function alterations during the neonatal period A1 Ares, Susana A1 Quero, Jóse A1 Sáenz-Rico de Santiago, María Belén A1 Monreale de Escobar, Gabriela A2 Edited by Drahomira Springer, AB The thyroid hormones, T4 and 3,5,3 ́-triiodothyronine (T3), are necessary for adequate growth and development (Greenberg AH et al., 1974; Zimmermann, 2011), throughout fetal and extrauterine life. These hormones regulate many metabolic processes: somatic growth, cardiac, pulmonary and bone maturation, central nervous system maturation, and neuronal differentiation, regulate oxygen consumption, and protein, lipid and carbohydratemetabolism. There is evidence that thyroid hormones are necessary for surfactant synthesis and lung maturation (Biswas S et al., 2002). Brain and lung maturation have received special attention, because of the potentially irreversible or life-threatening consequences associated with early thyroid hormone deficiency (Kester MA et al., 2004; De Vries et al., 1986). PB InTech SN 978-953-51-0020-1 YR 2012 FD 2012-02-17 LK https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/118389 UL https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/118389 LA eng NO Referencias bibliográficas:• Ares S, Escobar-Morreale HF, Quero J, et al: Neonatal hypothyroxinemia: effects of iodine intake and premature birth. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 82:1704-1712, 1997• Ares S, Garcia P, Quero J, et al: Iodine intake and urinary excretion in premature infants born after less than 30 weeks of gestation. J Clin Pediatr Endocrinol 17(3):509, 2004 • Ares S, Pastor I, Quero J, et al: Thyroid gland volume as measured by ultrasonography in preterm infants. 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