RT Journal Article
T1 Technological agglomerations and the emergence of artificial intelligence start-up ecosystems in Europe
A1 Vásquez, Óscar
A1 Sandulli, Francesco Domenico
A1 Gallego Martínez-Alcocer, Jorge
AB The emergence of new industries is shaped by intricate geographical dynamics influenced by multiple factors. Yet, the rationales underpinning the locational choices of AI-based startups remain insufficiently understood. Traditional explanations have largely emphasized agglomeration economies, but their applicability to the AI industry requires further examination. This study investigates the growth of the AI industry across seven major European regions, uncovering two distinct locational patterns associated with different stages of industry evolution. In the nascent phase, the industry benefits primarily from intra-industry co-location effects and knowledge spillovers, which help mitigate technological risks. As the industry advances, however, cross-industry linkages become increasingly important, playing a pivotal role in addressing commercial risks and sustaining development. Overall, the findings highlight the dynamic interplay between technological and commercial risks, offering new insights into the shifting rationales and spatial dynamics that shape the emergence of the AI industry.
PB Elsevier
SN 0160-791X
YR 2026
FD 2026
LK https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/133710
UL https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/133710
LA eng
NO Vásquez, Ó., Sandulli, F. D., & Gallego, J. (2026). Technological agglomerations and the emergence of artificial intelligence start-up ecosystems in Europe. Technology in Society, 84, 103092. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2025.103092
NO Comunidad de Madrid
DS Docta Complutense
RD 18 mar 2026