RT Journal Article
T1 Wastewater-based epidemiology as a surveillance tool to assess human consumption of psychotropic substances: Alcohol, nicotine and caffeine as case studies
A1 Rousis, Nikolaos
A1 Bade, Richard
A1 Gracia Lor, Emma
AB Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is used as a surveillance tool to provide data on public health, drug use, exposure to chemicals and lifestyle habits. This approach can be used to monitor the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, such as reducing alcohol consumption and reducing the use of tobacco. In addition, it can be applied to monitor total caffeine consumption and assess levels according to the recommended daily safety limit as suggested by the European Food Safety Authority. The purpose of this review was to summarize and discuss analytical protocols for the determination of alcohol, nicotine, and caffeine WBE biomarkers in wastewater. The WBE requirements for these biomarkers were thoroughly investigated. Furthermore, back-calculated levels of alcohol, nicotine, and caffeine in the population were reviewed. Finally, challenges were identified, and future directions were proposed to fill knowledge gaps and improve the quality of information obtained from the WBE approach.
PB Elsevier
YR 2023
FD 2023-08
LK https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/114227
UL https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/114227
LA eng
NO Nikolaos Rousis, Richard Bade, Emma Gracia-Lor, Wastewater-based epidemiology as a surveillance tool to assess human consumption of psychotropic substances: Alcohol, nicotine and caffeine as case studies, TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 167, 2023, 117230, ISSN 0165-9936, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2023.117230.
NO Plan Nacional sobre Drogas (Ministerio de Sanidad)
NO Comunidad de  Madrid
NO Gobierno australiano
DS Docta Complutense
RD 7 abr 2025