RT Journal Article T1 Terrestrial apes and phylogenetic trees A1 Arsuaga Ferreras, Juan Luis AB The image that best expresses Darwin’s thinking is the tree of life. However, Darwin’s human evolutionary tree lacked almost everything because only the Neanderthals were known at the time and they were considered one extreme expression of our own species. Darwin believed that the root of the human tree was very deep and in Africa. It was not until 1962 that the root was shown to be much more recent in time and definitively in Africa. On the other hand,some neo-Darwinians believed that our family tree was not a tree, because there were no branches, but, rather, a straight stem. The recent years have witnessed spectacular discoveries in Africa that take us close to the origin of the human tree and in Spain at Atapuerca that help us better understand the origin of the Neanderthals as well as our own species. The final form of the tree, and the number of branches, remains an object of passionate debate. PB National Academy of Sciences SN 0027-8424 YR 2010 FD 2010-05-11 LK https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/42656 UL https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/42656 LA eng NO Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología NO Junta de Castilla y León NO Fundación Atapuerca DS Docta Complutense RD 17 abr 2025