RT Journal Article T1 Habitat structure influences the song characteristics within a population of Great Tits Parus major A1 Bueno Enciso, Javier A1 Ferrer, Esperanza S. A1 Barrientos Yuste, Rafael A1 Sanz, Juan José AB Capsule: The structure of Great Tit Parus major songs is shaped by the acoustic properties of the habitat within the breeding territory of individuals.Aim: To test whether the structure of the habitat influences song structure within a population of Great Tits P. major.Methods: We recorded Great Tit songs from 42 territories on two different days and measured the habitat structure in each territory. We also trapped the males and estimated the breeding density around each territory, so were able to control the analysis by date, breeding density and male characteristics.Results: Song pause length was positively affected by the ground cover, while the song rate and the minimum frequency were negatively affected by the shrub cover. Male size negatively affected the peak frequency of the songs, whereas the age of the males affected the frequency range; older males sang with a broader bandwidth.Conclusion: This study suggests that Great Tits are capable of adjusting their vocalizations in each territory, presumably to enhance transmission owing to vocal plasticity. PB Taylor and Francis SN 0006-3657 YR 2016 FD 2016-07 LK https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/131119 UL https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/131119 LA eng NO Bueno-Enciso, J., Ferrer, E. S., Barrientos, R., & Sanz, J. J. (2016). Habitat structure influences the song characteristics within a population of Great Tits Parus major. Bird Study, 63(3), 359–368. https://doi.org/10.1080/00063657.2016.1212812 NO Funding:JBE and ESF were funded by a predoctoral fellowship (Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha – European Social Fund) and RBY was funded by a postdoctoral Juan de la Cierva fellowship (Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad). This study was funded by the [grant number POIC10-0269-7632] (Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha-European Social Fund) and the [grant number GCL2010-21933-C02-01] (MINECO). NO European Commission NO Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España) NO Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha DS Docta Complutense RD 26 feb 2026