RT Book, Section
T1 'Blood and Culture'. Spanish Expatriates as Cultural Diplomacy Actors, 1921–1936
A1 Martínez Del Campo, Luis Gonzaga
A2 Marició Janué i Miret, 
A2 Eva March, 
A2 José‑Miguel Pacheco Castelao, 
A2 Albert Presas i Puig, 
AB This chapter examines the pivotal role of expatriates in the projection of a national culture abroad, with a special focus on interwar Spain. Previous research has shown that Spanish cultural diplomacy emerged during Primo de Rivera’s dictatorship (1923–1930) as a means of strengthening the country’s international standing as the leader of the Hispanic world. It relied heavily on Spanish migrants in Latin America, whose kinship and linguistic ties to Spain—summarised in the phrase ‘blood and culture’—positioned them not only as recipients of Spanish culture but also as key agents for disseminating it in their host countries. Until well into the 1930s, Spain’s underfunded diplomatic services regularly sought support from expatriate associations in their efforts to extend the country’s cultural influence abroad. Although the successive governments of the Second Spanish Republic (1931–1936) reorganised foreign policy services, expatriates and their institutions remained central to Spain’s cultural outreach strategies. Drawing on archival material, this chapter demonstrates that Spain actively relied on its emigrants to implement a foreign cultural policy during the interwar period.
PB Routledge
SN 978‑1‑041‑03211‑3 (hbk)
SN 978‑1‑041‑03213‑7 (pbk)
SN 978‑1‑003‑62283‑3 (ebk)
YR 2026
FD 2026-03-17
LK https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/134320
UL https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/134320
LA eng
NO MARTÍNEZ DEL CAMPO, Luis G. (2026), «'Blood and Culture'. Spanish Expatriates as Cultural Diplomacy Actors, 1921–1936». In Marició Janué i Miret et al. (eds.), Cultural Diplomacy in Southern Europe: Spain, Portugal and Greece in the Twentieth Century, New York: Routledge, 13–26.
NO Agencia Estatal de Investigación. Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades
DS Docta Complutense
RD 9 abr 2026