RT Journal Article
T1 Tracking pyrethroid resistance in arbovirus mosquito vectors: mutations I1532T and F1534C in Aedes albopictus across Europe
A1 Pichler, Verena
A1 Valadas, Vera
A1 Akiner, Mustafa M.
A1 Balatsos, Georgios
A1 Barceló, Carlos
A1 Borg, Maria Louise
A1 Bouyer, Jeremy
A1 Bravo Barriga, Daniel
A1 Bueno, Rubén
A1 Caputo, Beniamino
A1 Collantes, Francisco
A1 Delacour Estrella, Sarah
A1 Velo, Enkelejda
A1 Falcuta, Elena
A1 Flacio, Eleonora
A1 García Pérez, Ana L.
A1 Gómez Sánchez, José Francisco
A1 Horvath, Cintia
A1 Adam, Katja
A1 Kadriaj, Perparim
A1 Kavran, Mihaela
A1 L’Ambert, Gregory
A1 Lia, Riccardo P.
A1 Marabuto, Eduardo
A1 Medialdea-Carrera, Raquel
A1 Melero Alcíbar, Rosario
A1 Michaelakis, Antonios
A1 Mihalca, Andrei Daniel
A1 Micocci, Martina
A1 Mikov, Ognyan
A1 Miranda, Miguel A.
A1 Müller, Pie
A1 Ornosa Gallego, Concepción
A1 Outerelo Domínguez, Raimundo
A1 Otranto, Domenico
A1 Pajovic, Igor
A1 Pérez Tris, Javier
A1 Petric, Dusan
A1 Rebelo, Maria Teresa
A1 Besnard, Gilles
A1 Rogozi, Elton
A1 Tello Fierro, Ana
A1 Vázquez, Ángeles
A1 Vasquez, Marlen
A1 Zitko, Toni
A1 Schaffner, Francis
A1 della Torre, Alessandra
A1 Pinto, Joao
AB Background. With the worldwide spread of the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, the number of autochthonous cases of exotic arboviral diseases, such as dengue or chikungunya, is increasing in temperate regions. In Europe, pyrethroids are the only insecticides allowed for the abatement of adult mosquitoes and are thus crucial for limiting ongoing arbovirus transmission. Despite this and the report of resistance rising in vector populations worldwide, information on the pyrethroid resistance status of vector populations and knowledge on resistance mechanisms is widely lacking. Genotyping of knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations situated within the target site of pyrethroids, i.e., the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC), and associated with pyrethroid resistance, is a cost-effective approach to investigate the spread of resistance in a population. Herein, we describe the European-wide distribution of two kdr mutations, i.e., I1532T and F1534C, in Ae. albopictus and evaluate their co-occurrence with another well-characterized kdr mutation, V1016G. Methods. Genotyping of the kdr mutation F1534C was performed by allele-specific PCR for 1732 Ae. albopictus specimens sampled in 19 European countries; for a subset of 419 specimens mutation I1532T was also genotyped by sequencing. For all samples, information on mutation V1016G was available, allowing evaluation of the co-occurrence of kdr alleles. Results. Mutation 1534C was detected in nine sites from six countries at an overall frequency close to 5%. Highest frequencies per site were detected in Cyprus (84%) and Greece (45%). Allele 1532 T was identified in 11 sites from 7 countries at frequencies ranging from 4% to 25% per site. Co-occurrence of different kdr alleles (1534C, 1532 T and 1016G) was observed in nine sampling sites from seven countries. Conclusions. The present study offers the first map of the occurrence of the major Ae. albopictus kdr alleles across Europe and highlights a differential distribution of the two alleles most strongly associated with pyrethroid resistance, 1016G and 1534C. Our findings also point to the need for enhancing resistance monitoring in the Eastern Mediterranean region, where the two mutations are shown to exist in geographically close areas, with the risk of emergence of highly resistant double mutants.
PB Springer Nature
SN 1756-3305
YR 2025
FD 2025-12-24
LK https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/134060
UL https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/134060
LA eng
NO Pichler, V., Valadas, V., Akiner, M.M. et al. Tracking pyrethroid resistance in arbovirus mosquito vectors: mutations I1532T and F1534C in Aedes albopictus across Europe. Parasites Vectors 18, 506 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-025-07130-1
NO The study received support from the project ‘ARBOMONITOR–PTDC/BIA-OUT/29477/2017″ through national funds from FCT–Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, I.P.’ This research received further funding by Ministero dell’Università e della Ricerca (Italy), Piano Nazionale di Ripresa e Resilienza, and the EU within the Extended Partnership Initiative on Emerging Infectious Diseases, project number PE00000007 (One Health Basic and Translational Actions Addressing Unmet Needs on Emerging Infectious Diseases). Additional support was given by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia for funds to GHTM–UID/04413/2025 and LA-REAL–LA/P/0117/2020. The mosquito collections in Cyprus were supported by the national IAEA TC project CYP5020 ‘Developing a national rapid response strategy for the prevention of the establishment of the Asian tiger mosquito.’ Further financial support was provided by: Regional Spanish research project (Grant Number IB16135) to DBB, a Bulgarian Scientific Research Fund, research project contract KP-06-N-41/5 from 30.11.2020 to OM and the project cE3c (UIDB/00329/2025), CHANGE LA/P/0121/2020 (https://doi.org/10.54499/LA/P/0121/2020) to MTR.
NO Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal)
NO Ministero dell’Università e della Ricerca (Italia)
NO European Commission
NO Junta de Extremadura
DS Docta Complutense
RD 21 mar 2026