RT Book, Section T1 The heterogeneity of Spanish social citizenship T2 La heterogeneidad de la ciudadanía social en España A1 Chuliá, Elisa A1 Álvarez-Miranda Navarro, Berta A2 Bussemaker, Jet AB However, the difference between Spain and her neighbours as regards the debate on the welfare state was not only one of priorities but of objectives. While western European countries had entered the 1970s with powerful, comprehensive welfare states, Spain was emerging from the Franco regime with a far less well-developed public system of social protection. Economic benefits were provided for fewer members of the population and they were less generous, while social services were either ineffective or non-existent, as well as being somewhat discredited. In 1975, public social expenditure came to a little more than 13 per cent of GDP, while average spending in the European Community was around 24 per cent. PB Taylor & Francis SN 0-203-45086-8 SN 978-0-203-45086-4 YR 1999 FD 1999 LK https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/107797 UL https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/107797 LA eng NO Chuliá, Elisa and Álvarez-Miranda, Berta. 2005. "The heterogeneity of Spanish social citizenship", in Bussemaker, Jet (ed.) Citizenship and welfare state reform in europe. Taylor & Francis Group. NO El capítulo discute la relativa ausencia del concepto de ciudadanía en el debate público español sobre la reforma del Estado de Bienestar, en función de los diversos regímenes políticos y las características de la estructura social que han marcado su desarrollo. DS Docta Complutense RD 10 abr 2025