RT Journal Article T1 Seeding or planting to revegetate the world's degraded land: systematic review and experimentation to address methodological issues A1 Leverkus, Alexandro B A1 Lázaro-González, Alba A1 Andivia Muñoz, Enrique A1 Castro, Jorge A1 Jiménez, María Noelia A1 Navarro, Francisco B AB Revegetation is key to achieve the goals of the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration. For many situations and plant species, selecting direct seeding or planting can define revegetation success. However, there is no clarity about when one method should be preferred over the other, partly driven by methodological difficulties that preclude avoiding bias during experimentation. To move the debate forward, (1) we propose a systematic review of the studies that compare seeding and planting, including how they have handled bias; and (2) we describe an ongoing experiment that tests different ways to handle bias when comparing seeding with planting. PB Wiley SN 1061-2971 YR 2021 FD 2021 LK https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/128322 UL https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/128322 LA eng NO Leverkus, A.B., Lázaro González, A., Andivia, E., Castro, J., Jiménez, M.N. and Navarro, F.B. (2021), Seeding or planting to revegetate the world's degraded land: systematic review and experimentation to address methodological issues. Restor Ecol, 29: e13372. https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13372 NO This work is funded by grants RTI2018-096187-J-100 from FEDER/Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, AVA201601.19 (NUTERA-DE), AVA2019.004 (NUTERA-DE II) co-financed (80%) by the FEDER Program, and P18-RT-1927 from Consejería de Economía, Conocimiento, y Universidad de la Junta de Andalucía, also co-financed by the FEDER program. NO Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España) NO Junta de Andalucía NO European Commission DS Docta Complutense RD 2 dic 2025