RT Journal Article T1 Build-Up of a 3D Organogel Network within the Bilayer Shell of Nanoliposomes. A Novel Delivery System for Vitamin D3: Preparation, Characterization, and Physicochemical Stability A1 Ghiasi, Fatemeh A1 Eskandari, Mohammad Hadi A1 Golmakani, Mohammad-Taghi A1 González Rubio, Ramón A1 Ortega Gómez, Francisco AB The inherent thermodynamic instability of liposomes during production and storage has limited their widespread applications. Therefore, a novel structure of food-grade nanoliposomes stabilized by a 3D organogel network within the bilayer shell was developed through the extrusion process and successfully applied to encapsulate vitamin D3. A huge flocculation and a significant reduction of zeta potential (−17 mV) were observed in control nanoliposomes (without the organogel shell) after 2 months of storage at 4 °C, while the sample with a gelled bilayer showed excellent stability with a particle diameter of 105 nm and a high negative zeta potential (−63.4 mV), even after 3 months. The development of spherical vesicles was confirmed by TEM. Interestingly, the gelled bilayer shell led to improved stability against osmotically active divalent salt ions. Electron paramagnetic resonance confirmed the higher rigidity of the shell bilayer upon gelation. The novel liposome offered a dramatic increase in encapsulation efficiency and loading of vitamin D3 compared to those of control. PB ACS Publications SN 0021-8561 YR 2021 FD 2021-02-22 LK https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/8584 UL https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/8584 LA eng NO CRUE-CSIC (Acuerdos Transformativos 2021) NO Union Europea. H2020 NO Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) NO Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN) NO Universidad Complutense de Madrid/Banco de Santander NO Shiraz University DS Docta Complutense RD 29 abr 2024