RT Journal Article
T1 E-commerce in Spain: trends, growth, and market dynamics (2018–2021)
A1 Badran, Mona Farid
A1 López Zorzano, Rafael Alberto
A1 Valarezo Unda, Ángel Eduardo
A1 Pérez Amaral, Teodosio
AB In 2006, only 10 % of individuals in Spain engaged in e-commerce, while the period from 2018 to 2021 has seen a significant rise, with the proportion of people aged 16 to 74 making online purchases in the last three months increasing from 43.5 % to 55.2 %. This study utilizes a comprehensive panel dataset derived from the Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE) surveys, analyzing 65,386 observations to track these changes. This research identifies the principal drivers and barriers influencing e-commerce adoption through descriptive and advanced longitudinal analysis. We hypothesize and confirm key control variables' signs and statistical significance, including income levels, gender, educational attainment, and digital skills. Our findings provide critical insights into the evolving digital commerce landscape, offering valuable implications for policymakers and business strategists aiming to enhance digital inclusivity and market reach.
PB Elsevier
SN 0308-5961
YR 2025
FD 2025-08
LK https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/132597
UL https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/132597
LA eng
NO Badran, M. F., López, R., Valarezo, A., & Pérez-Amaral, T. (2025). E-commerce in Spain: Trends, growth, and market dynamics (2018–2021). Telecommunications Policy, 49(7), 103003. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2025.103003
NO Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)
DS Docta Complutense
RD 9 abr 2026