TY - JOUR AU - Badran, Mona Farid AU - López Zorzano, Rafael Alberto AU - Valarezo Unda, Ángel Eduardo AU - Pérez Amaral, Teodosio PY - 2025 DO - 10.1016/j.telpol.2025.103003 SN - 0308-5961 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/132597 T2 - Telecommunications Policy AB - In 2006, only 10 % of individuals in Spain engaged in e-commerce, while the period from 2018 to 2021 has seen a significant rise, with the proportion of people aged 16 to 74 making online purchases in the last three months increasing from 43.5 % to... LA - eng PB - Elsevier KW - e-commerce KW - Panel data KW - Digital divide TI - E-commerce in Spain: trends, growth, and market dynamics (2018–2021) TY - journal article VL - 49 ER -