RT Journal Article T1 Considerations and consequences of allowing DNA sequence data as types of fungal taxa A1 Zamora, Juan Carlos A1 Svensson, Måns A1 Kirschner, Roland A1 Olariaga, Ibai A1 Ryman, Svengunnar A1 Parra, Luis Alberto A1 Geml, József A1 Rosling, Anna A1 Adamčík, Slavomír A1 Ahti, Teuvo A1 Aime, M. Catherine A1 Ainsworth, A. Martyn A1 Albert, László A1 Albertó, Edgardo A1 Altés García, Alberto A1 Ageev, Dmitry A1 Agerer, Reinhard A1 Aguirre-Hudson, Begoña A1 Ammirati, Joe A1 Andersson, Harry A1 Angelini, Claudio A1 Antonín, Vladimír A1 Aoki, Takayuki A1 Aptroot, André A1 Argaud, Didier A1 Arguello Sosa, Blanca Imelda A1 Aronsen, Arne A1 Arup, Ulf A1 Asgari, Bita A1 Assyov, Boris A1 Atienza, Violeta A1 Bandini, Ditte A1 Baptista-Ferreira, João Luís A1 Baral, Hans-Otto A1 Baroni, Tim A1 Barreto, Robert Weingart A1 Beker, Henry A1 Bell, Ann A1 Bellanger, Jean-Michel A1 Bellù, Francesco A1 Bemmann, Martin A1 Bendiksby, Mika A1 Bendiksen, Egil A1 Bendiksen, Katriina A1 Benedek, Lajos A1 Bérešová-Guttová, Anna A1 Berger, Franz A1 Berndt, Reinhard A1 Bernicchia, Annarosa A1 Biketova, Alona Yu. A1 Bizio, Enrico A1 Bjork, Curtis A1 Boekhout, Teun A1 Boertmann, David A1 Böhning, Tanja A1 Boittin, Florent A1 Boluda, Carlos G. A1 Boomsluiter, Menno W. A1 Borovička, Jan A1 Brandrud, Tor Erik A1 Braun, Uwe A1 Brodo, Irwin A1 Bulyonkova, Tatiana A1 Burdsall, Harold H. A1 Buyck, Bart A1 Burgaz Moreno, Ana Rosa A1 Calatayud, Vicent A1 Callac, Philippe A1 Campo, Emanuele A1 Candusso, Massimo A1 Capoen, Brigitte A1 Carbó, Joaquim A1 Carbone, Matteo A1 Castañeda-Ruiz, Rafael F. A1 Castellano, Michael A. A1 Chen, Jie A1 Clerc, Philippe A1 Consiglio, Giovanni A1 Corriol, Gilles A1 Courtecuisse, Régis A1 Crespo De Las Casas, Ana María A1 Cripps, Cathy A1 Crous, Pedro W. A1 da Silva, Gladstone Alves A1 da Silva, Meiriele A1 Dam, Marjo A1 Dam, Nico A1 Dämmrich, Frank A1 Das, Kanad A1 Davies, Linda A1 De Crop, Eske A1 De Kesel, Andre A1 De Lange, Ruben A1 De Madrignac BonziBárbara, Bárbara A1 de la Cruz, Thomas Edison E. A1 Delgat, Lynn A1 Demoulin, Vincent A1 Desjardin, Dennis E. A1 Diederich, Paul A1 Dima, Bálint A1 Dios, Maria Martha A1 Douanla-Meli, Clovis A1 Douglas, Brian A1 Drechsler-Santos, Elisandro Ricardo A1 Dulare Devi, Pradeep Divakar A1 Dyer, Paul S. A1 Eberhardt, Ursula A1 Ertz, Damien A1 Esteve-Raventós, Fernando A1 Etayo Salazar, Javier Angel A1 Evenson, Vera A1 Eyssartier, Guillaume A1 Farkas, Edit A1 Favre, Alain A1 Fedosova, Anna G. A1 Filippa, Mario A1 Finy, Péter A1 Flakus, Adam A1 Fos, Simón A1 Fournier, Jacques A1 Fraiture, André A1 Franchi, Paolo A1 Franco Molano, Ana Esperanza A1 Friebes, Gernot A1 Frisch, Andreas A1 Fryday, Alan A1 Furci, Giuliana A1 Galán Márquez, Ricardo A1 Garbelotto, Matteo A1 García-Martín, Joaquina María A1 García Otálora, Mónica A. A1 García Sánchez, Dania A1 Gardiennet, Alain A1 Garnica, Sigisfredo A1 Garrido Benavent, Isaac A1 Gates, Genevieve A1 Lima da Gerlach, Alice Cruz A1 Ghobad-Nejhad, Masoomeh A1 Gibertoni, Tatiana B. A1 Grebenc, Tine A1 Greilhuber, Irmgard A1 Grishkan, Bella A1 Groenewald, Johannes Z. A1 Grube, Martin A1 Gruhn, Gérald A1 Gueidan, Cécile A1 Gulden, Gro A1 Gusmão, Luis F. P. A1 Hafellner, Josef A1 Hairaud, Michel A1 Halama, Marek A1 Hallenberg, Nils A1 Halling, Roy E. A1 Hansen, Karen A1 Harder, Christoffer Bugge A1 Heilmann-Clausen, Jacob A1 Helleman, Stip A1 Henriot, Alain A1 Hernandez-Restrepo, Margarita A1 Herve, Raphaël A1 Hobart, Caroline A1 Hoffmeister, Mascha A1 Høiland, Klaus A1 Holec, Jan A1 Holien, Håkon A1 Hughes, Karen A1 Hubka, Vit A1 Huhtinen, Seppo A1 Ivančević, Boris A1 Jagers, Marian A1 Jaklitsch, Walter A1 Jansen, Anna Elise A1 Jayawardena, Ruvishika S. A1 Jiménez Rico, Víctor A1 Jeppesen, Thomas Stjernegaard A1 Jeppson, Mikael A1 Johnston, Peter A1 Jørgensen, Per Magnus A1 Kärnefelt, Ingvar A1 Kalinina, Liudmila B. A1 Kantvilas, Gintaras A1 Karadelev, Mitko A1 Kasuya, Taiga A1 Kautmanová, Ivona A1 Kerrigan, Richard W. A1 Kirchmair, Martin A1 Kiyashko, Anna A1 Knapp, Dániel G. A1 Knudsen, Henning A1 Knudsen, Kerry A1 Knutsson, Tommy A1 Kolařík, Miroslav A1 Kõljalg, Urmas A1 Košuthová, Alica A1 Koszka, Attila A1 Kotiranta, Heikki A1 Kotkova, Vera A1 Koukol, Ondřej A1 Kout, Jiří A1 Kovács, Gábor M. A1 Kříž, Martin A1 Kruys, Åsa A1 Kučera, Viktor A1 Kudzma, Linas A1 Kuhar, Francisco A1 Kukwa, Martin A1 Kumar, T. K. Arun A1 Kunca, Vladimír A1 Kušan, Ivana A1 Kuyper, Thomas W. A1 Lado, Carlos A1 Læssøe, Thomas A1 Lainé, Patrice A1 Langer, Ewald A1 Larsson, Ellen A1 Larsson, Karl-Henrik A1 Laursen, Gary A1 Lechat, Christian A1 Lee, Serena A1 Lendemer, James C. A1 Levin, Laura A1 Lindemann, Uwe A1 Lindström, Håkan A1 Liu, Xingzhong A1 Llarena Hernandez, Regulo Carlos A1 Llop, Esteve A1 Locsmándi, Csaba A1 Lodge, Deborah Jean A1 Loizides, Michael A1 Lőkös, László A1 Luangsa-ard, Jennifer A1 Lüderitz, Matthias A1 Lumbsch, Thorsten A1 Lutz, Matthias A1 Mahoney, Dan A1 Malysheva, Ekaterina A1 Malysheva, Vera A1 Manimohan, Patinjareveettil A1 Marin-Felix, Yasmina A1 Marques, Guilhermina A1 Martínez-Gil, Rubén A1 Marson, Guy A1 Mata, Gerardo A1 Matheny, P. Brandon A1 Mathiassen, Geir Harald A1 Matočec, Neven A1 Mayrhofer, Helmut A1 Mehrabi, Mehdi A1 Melo, Ireneia A1 Mešić, Armin A1 Methven, Andrew S. A1 Miettinen, Otto A1 Millanes Romero, Ana M. A1 Miller, Andrew N. A1 Mitchell, James K. A1 Moberg, Roland A1 Moreau, Pierre-Arthur A1 Moreno, Gabriel A1 Morozova, Olga A1 Morte, Asunción A1 Muggia, Lucia A1 Muñoz González, Guillermo A1 Myllys, Leena A1 Nagy, István A1 Nagy, László G. A1 Neves, Maria Alice A1 Niemelä, Tuomo A1 Nimis, Pier Luigi A1 Niveiro, Nicolas A1 Noordeloos, Machiel E. A1 Nordin, Anders A1 Noumeur, Sara Raouia A1 Novozhilov, Yuri A1 Nuytinck, Jorinde A1 Ohenoja, Esteri A1 Oliveira Fiuza, Patricia A1 Orange, Alan A1 Ordynets, Alexander A1 Ortiz-Santana, Beatriz A1 Pacheco, Leticia A1 Pál-Fám, Ferenc A1 Palacio, Melissa A1 Palice, Zdeněk A1 Papp, Viktor A1 Pärtel, Kadri A1 Pawlowska, Julia A1 Paz, Aurelia A1 Peintner, Ursula A1 Pennycook, Shaun A1 Liparini Pereira, Olinto A1 Pérez Daniëls, Pablo A1 Pérez-De-Gregorio Capella, Miquel À. A1 Pérez del Amo, Carlos Manuel A1 Pérez Gorjón, Sergio A1 Pérez-Ortega, Sergio A1 Pérez-Vargas, Israel A1 Perry, Brian A. A1 Petersen, Jens H. A1 Petersen, Ronald H. A1 Pfister, Donald H. A1 Phukhamsakda, Chayanard A1 Piątek, Marcin A1 Piepenbring, Meike A1 Pino Bodas, Raquel A1 Pinzón Esquivel, Juan Pablo A1 Pirot, Paul A1 Popov, Eugene S. A1 Popoff, Orlando A1 Prieto Álvaro, María A1 Printzen, Christian A1 Psurtseva, Nadezhda A1 Purahong, Witoon A1 Quijada, Luis A1 Rambold, Gerhard A1 Ramírez, Natalia A. A1 Raja, Huzefa A1 Raspé, Olivier A1 Raymundo, Tania A1 Réblová, Martina A1 Rebriev, Yury A. A1 Reyes García, Juan de Dios A1 Ribes Ripoll, Miguel Ángel A1 Richard, Franck A1 Richardson, Mike J. A1 Robledo, Gerardo Lucio A1 Rodrigues Barbosa, Flavia A1 Rodriguez-Caycedo, Cristina A1 Rodriguez-Flakus, Pamela A1 Ronikier, Anna A1 Rubio Casas, Luis A1 Rusevska, Katerina A1 Saar, Günter A1 Saar, Irja A1 Salcedo, Isabel A1 Salcedo Martínez, Sergio M. A1 Salvador Montoya, Carlos A. A1 Sánchez-Ramírez, Santiago A1 Sandoval-Sierra, J. Vladimir A1 Santamaria, Sergi A1 Santana Monteiro, Josiane A1 Schroers, Hans Josef A1 Schulz, Barbara A1 Schmidt-Stohn, Geert A1 Schumacher, Trond A1 Senn-Irlet, Beatrice A1 Ševčíková, Hana A1 Shchepin, Oleg A1 Shirouzu, Takashi A1 Shiryaev, Anton A1 Siepe, Klaus A1 Sir, Esteban B. A1 Sohrabi, Mohammad A1 Soop, Karl A1 Spirin, Viacheslav A1 Spribille, Toby A1 Stadler, Marc A1 Stalpers, Joost A1 Stenroos, Soili A1 Suija, Ave A1 Sunhede, Stellan A1 Svantesson, Sten A1 Svensson, Sigvard A1 Svetasheva, Tatyana Yu. A1 Świerkosz, Krzysztof A1 Tamm, Heidi A1 Taskin, Hatira A1 Taudière, Adrien A1 Tedebrand, Jan-Olof A1 Tena Lahoz, Raúl A1 Temina, Marina A1 Thell, Arne A1 Thines, Marco A1 Thor, Göran A1 Thüs, Holger A1 Tibell, Leif A1 Tibell, Sanja A1 Timdal, Einar A1 Tkalčec, Zdenko A1 Tønsberg, Tor A1 Trichies, Gérard A1 Triebel, Dagmar A1 Tsurykau, Andrei A1 Tulloss, Rodham E. A1 Tuovinen, Veera A1 Ulloa Sosa, Miguel A1 Urcelay, Carlos A1 Valade, François A1 Valenzuela Garza, Ricardo A1 van den Boom, Pieter A1 Van Vooren, Nicolas A1 Vasco-Palacios, Aida M. A1 Vauras, Jukka A1 Velasco Santos, Juan Manuel A1 Vellinga, Else A1 Verbeken, Annemieke A1 Vetlesen, Per A1 Vizzini, Alfredo A1 Voglmayr, Hermann A1 Volobuev, Sergey A1 von Brackel, Wolfgang A1 Voronina, Elena A1 Walther, Grit A1 Watling, Roy A1 Weber, Evi A1 Wedin, Mats A1 Weholt, Øyvind A1 Westberg, Martin A1 Yurchenko, Eugene A1 Zehnálek, Petr A1 Zhang, Huang A1 Zhurbenko, Mikhail P. A1 Ekman, Stefan AB Nomenclatural type definitions are one of the most important concepts in biological nomenclature. Being physical objects that can be re-studied by other researchers, types permanently link taxonomy (an artificial agreement to classify biological diversity) with nomenclature (an artificial agreement to name biological diversity). Two proposals to amend the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), allowing DNA sequences alone (of any region and extent) to serve as types of taxon names for voucherless fungi (mainly putative taxa from environmental DNA sequences), have been submitted to be voted on at the 11th International Mycological Congress (Puerto Rico, July 2018). We consider various genetic processes affecting the distribution of alleles among taxa and find that alleles may not consistently and uniquely represent the species within which they are contained. Should the proposals be accepted, the meaning of nomenclatural types would change in a fundamental way from physical objects as sources of data to the data themselves. Such changes are conducive to irreproducible science, the potential typification on artefactual data, and massive creation of names with low information content, ultimately causing nomenclatural instability and unnecessary work for future researchers that would stall future explorations of fungal diversity. We conclude that the acceptance of DNA sequences alone as types of names of taxa, under the terms used in the current proposals, is unnecessary and would not solve the problem of naming putative taxa known only from DNA sequences in a scientifically defensible way. As an alternative, we highlight the use of formulas for naming putative taxa (candidate taxa) that do not require any modification of the ICN. PB Utrecht International Mycological Association SN 2210-6359 YR 2018 FD 2018-05-24 LK https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/88908 UL https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/88908 LA eng NO Zamora, J. C., Svensson, M., Kirschner, R. et al. «Considerations and Consequences of Allowing DNA Sequence Data as Types of Fungal Taxa». IMA Fungus, vol. 9, n.o 1, junio de 2018, pp. 167-75. DOI.org (Crossref), https://doi.org/10.5598/imafungus.2018.09.01.10. DS Docta Complutense RD 18 abr 2025