RT Journal Article
T1 Muons in air showers at the Pierre Auger Observatory: Mean number in highly inclined events
A1 Aranda, V. M.
A1 Arqueros Martínez, Fernando
A1 García Pinto, Diego
A1 Minaya Flores, Ignacio Andrés
A1 Rosado Vélez, Jaime
A1 Vázquez Peñas, José Ramón
AB We present the first hybrid measurement of the average muon number in air showers at ultrahigh energies, initiated by cosmic rays with zenith angles between 62° and 80°. The measurement is based on 174 hybrid events recorded simultaneously with the surface detector array and the fluorescence detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory. The muon number for each shower is derived by scaling a simulated reference profile of the lateral muon density distribution at the ground until it fits the data. A 10^19  eV shower with a zenith angle of 67°, which arrives at the surface detector array at an altitude of 1450 m above sea level, contains on average (2.68±0.04±0.48(sys))×10^7 muons with energies larger than 0.3 GeV. The logarithmic gain d ln N_μ/dlnE of muons with increasing energy between 4×1018  eV and 5×1019  eV is measured to be (1.029±0.024±0.030(sys))
PB American Physical Society
SN 1550-7998
YR 2015
FD 2015-02-06
LK https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/22989
UL https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/22989
LA eng
NO Se incluyen 474 autores más, pertenecientes al proyecto "Pierre Auger Collaboration".© 2015 American Physical Society.The successful installation, commissioning, and operation of the Pierre Auger Observatory would not have been possible without the strong commitment and effort from the technical and administrative staff in Malargüe. We are very grateful to the following agencies and organizations for financial support: Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Fundación Antorchas, Gobierno De La Provincia de Mendoza, Municipalidad de Malargüe, NDM Holdings and Valle Las Leñas, in gratitude for their continuing cooperation over land access, Argentina; the Australian Research Council; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) Grants No. 2010/07359-6 and No. 1999/05404-3, Ministério de Ciência e Tecnologia (MCT), Brazil; Grants No. MSMT-CR LG13007, No. 7AMB14AR005, No. CZ.1.05/2.1.00/03.0058 and the Czech Science Foundation Grant No. 14-17501S, Czech Republic; Centre de Calcul Grant No. IN2P3/CNRS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conseil Régional Ile-de-France, Département Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire (Grant No. PNC-IN2P3/CNRS), Département Sciences de l’Univers (Grant No. SDU-INSU/CNRS), Institut Lagrange de Paris, Grant No. ILP LABEX ANR-10-LABX-63, within the Investissements d’Avenir Programme Grant No. ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02, France; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Finanzministerium Baden-Württemberg, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF), Ministerium für Wissenschaft und Forschung, Nordrhein Westfalen, Ministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst, Baden-Württemberg, Germany; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca (MIUR), Gran Sasso Center for Astroparticle Physics (CFA), CETEMPS Center of Excellence, Italy; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Mexico; Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap, Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM), Netherlands; National Centre for Research and Development, Grants No. ERA-NET-ASPERA/01/11 and No. ERA-NET-ASPERA/02/11, National Science Centre, Grants No. 2013/08/M/ST9/00322, No. 2013/08/M/ST9/00728 and No. HARMONIA 5 - 2013/10/M/ST9/00062, Poland; Portuguese national funds and FEDER funds within COMPETE—Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade through Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Portugal; Romanian Authority for Scientific Research ANCS, Grants No. CNDI-UEFISCDI, No. 20/2012 and No. 194/2012, No. 1/ASPERA2/2012 ERA-NET, No. PN-II-RU-PD-2011-3-0145-17, and No. PN-II-RU-PD-2011-3-0062, the Minister of National Education, Programme for research—Space Technology and Advanced Research—STAR, Grant No. 83/2013, Romania; Slovenian Research Agency, Slovenia; Comunidad de Madrid, FEDER funds, Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia, Xunta de Galicia, European Community 7th Framework Program, Grant No. FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF-328826, Spain; Science and Technology Facilities Council, United Kingdom; Department of Energy, Contracts No. DE-AC02-07CH11359, No. DE-FR02-04ER41300, No. DE-FG02-99ER41107 and No. DE-SC0011689, National Science Foundation, Grant No. 0450696, The Grainger Foundation, USA; NAFOSTED, Vietnam; Marie Curie-IRSES/EPLANET, European Particle Physics Latin American Network, European Union 7th Framework Program, Grant No. PIRSES-2009-GA-246806; and UNESCO.
NO Unión Europea. FP7
NO Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina
NO Fundación Antorchas, Argentina
NO Gobierno De La Provincia de Mendoza, Argentina Municipalidad de Malargüe, Argentina
NO NDM Holdings, Argentina
NO Australian Research Council
NO Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Brasil
NO Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP), Brasil
NO Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ)
NO São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)
NO Ministério de Ciência e Tecnologia (MCT), Brasil
NO Czech Science Foundation, República Checa
NO Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Francia
NO Conseil Régional Ile-de-France
NO Département Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Francia
NO Département Sciences de l’Univers, Francia
NO Institut Lagrange de Paris
NO Investissements d’Avenir Programme, Francia
NO Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Alemania
NO Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) , Alemania
NO Finanzministerium Baden-Württemberg, Alemania
NO Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF) , Alemania
NO Ministerium für Wissenschaft und Forschung, Alemania
NO Nordrhein Westfalen, Alemania
NO Ministerium für Wissenschaft, Alemania
NO Forschung und Kunst, Baden-Württemberg, Alemania
NO Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) , Italia
NO Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca (MIUR) , Italia
NO Gran Sasso Center for Astroparticle Physics (CFA), Italia
NO CETEMPS Center of Excellence, Italia
NO Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), México
NO Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap, Holanda
NO Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO) , Holanda
NO Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM), Holanda
NO National Centre for Research and Development, Polonia
NO National Science Centre, Polonia
NO Portuguese national funds, Portugal
NO COMPETE—Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade, Portugal
NO Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Portugal
NO FEDER FUNDS (Unión Europea)
NO Romanian Authority for Scientific Research ANCS,  Rumanía
NO Minister of National Education,  Rumanía
NO Slovenian Research Agency, Eslovenia
NO Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (MEC), España
NO Comunidad de Madrid
NO Programme for research—Space Technology and Advanced Research—STAR,  Rumanía
NO Xunta de Galicia
NO Science and Technology Facilities Council, Reino Unido
NO Department of Energy, Estados Unidos
NO National Science Foundation, Estados Unidos
NO The Grainger Foundation, Estados Unidos
NO NAFOSTED, Vietnam
NO Marie Curie-IRSES/EPLANET (Unión Europea)
NO European Particle Physics Latin American Network
NO UNESCO
DS Docta Complutense
RD 6 abr 2025