RT Journal Article
T1 Trigger and aperture of the surface detector array of the Pierre Auger Observatory
A1 Arqueros Martínez, Fernando
A1 Blanco Ramos, Francisco
A1 García Pinto, Diego
A1 Ortiz Ramis, Montserrat
A1 Rosado Vélez, Jaime
A1 Vázquez Peñas, José Ramón
AB The surface detector array of the Pierre Auger Observatory consists of 1600 water-Cherenkov detectors, for the study of extensive air showers (EAS) generated by ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. We describe the trigger hierarchy, from the identification of candidate showers at the level of a single detector, amongst a large background (mainly random single cosmic ray muons), up to the selection of real events and the rejection of random coincidences. Such trigger makes the surface detector array fully efficient for the detection of EAS with energy above 3 x 10(18) eV, for all zenith angles between 0 degrees and 60 degrees, independently of the position of the impact point and of the mass of the primary particle. In these range of energies and angles, the exposure of the surface array can be determined purely on the basis of the geometrical acceptance. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
PB Elsevier Science BV
SN 0168-9002
YR 2010
FD 2010-01-21
LK https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/45142
UL https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/45142
LA eng
NO & 2009 Elsevier B.V.Artículo firmado por más de 10 autores.We are very grateful to the following agencies and organisations for financial support: Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica, Fundacion Antorchas, Gobierno De La Provincia de Mendoza, Municipalidad de Malargue, NDM Holdings and Valle Las Lenas, in gratitude for their continuing cooperation over land access, Argentina; the Australian Research Council; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq), Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP), Fundacao de Amparo A Pesquisa do Estado de Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Fundacao de Amparo Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP), Ministerio de Ciencia e Tecnologia (MCT), Brazil: AVCR AVOZ10100502 and AV0Z101100522, GAAV KJB300100801 and KJB100100904, MSMT-CR LA08016, LC527, 1M06002, and MSM0021620859, Czech Republic; Centre de Calcul IN2P3/CNRS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conseil Regional Ile-de-France, Departement Physique Nucleaire et Corpusculaire (PNC-IN2P3/CNRS), Departement Sciences de I'Univers (SDU-INSU/CNRS), France; Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Finanzministerium Baden-Wurttemberg, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF), Ministerium fur Wissenschaft und Forschung, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Ministerium fur Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universita e della Ricerca (MIUR), Italy: Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT), Mexico: Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap, Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM), Netherlands; Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Grant Nos. 1 P03 D 014 30, N202 090 31/0623, and PAP/218/2006, Poland; Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, Portugal; Ministry for Higher Education, Science, and Technology, Slovenian Research Agency, Slovenia; Comunidad de Madrid, Consejeria de Educacion de la Comunidad de Castilla La Mancha, FEDER funds, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion, Xunta de Galicia, Spain; Science and Technology Facilities Council, UK: Department of Energy, Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359, National Science Foundation, Grant No. 0450696, The Grainger Foundation USA: ALFA-EC / HELEN, European Union 6th Framework Program, Grant No. MEIF-CT-2005-025057, European Union 7th Framework Program, Grant No. PIEF-GA-2008-220240, and UNESCO.
NO Unión Europea. FP7
NO Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
NO Conseil Regional Ile-de-France Departement Physique Nucleaire et Corpusculaire
NO Departement Physique Nucleaire et Corpusculaire 	 PNC-IN2P3/CNRS  Departement Sciences de I'Univers (SDU-INSU/CNRS), France
NO Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)
NO Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)
NO Finanzministerium Baden-Wurttemberg
NO Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF)
NO Ministerium fur Wissenschaft und Forschung Nordrhein-Westfalen
NO Ministerium fur Wissenschaft
NO Forschung und Kunst
NO Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany
NO Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)
NO Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universita e della Ricerca (MIUR), Italy
NO Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap, Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO)
NO Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM), Netherlands
NO Ministry of Science and Higher Education
NO Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, Portugal
NO Ministry for Higher Education, Science, and Technology, Slovenian Research Agency, Slovenia
NO Consejeria de Educacion de la Comunidad de Castilla La Mancha
NO FEDER funds
NO Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion
NO Xunta de Galicia, Spain
NO Science and Technology Facilities Council, UK: Department of Energy
NO ALFA-EC / HELEN
DS Docta Complutense
RD 18 ago 2025