RT Journal Article T1 1H HRMAS NMR Metabolomics for the Characterization and Monitoring of Ripening in Pressed-Curd Ewe’s Milk Cheeses Produced Through Enzymatic Coagulation A1 Castejón, David A1 Segura Plaza, José Francisco A1 Cruz Díaz, Karen P. A1 Romero De Ávila Hidalgo, María Dolores A1 Fernández Valle, María Encarnación A1 Remiro, Víctor A1 Villa Valverde, Palmira A1 Cambero Rodríguez, María Isabel AB A comprehensive characterization of two pressed-curd cheeses produced from ewe’s milk using enzymatic coagulation—Manchego cheese (with Protected Designation of Origin, PDO) and Castellano cheese (with Protected Geographical Indication, PGI)—was performed throughout the manufacturing process (industrial or traditional) and ripening stages (2, 9, 30, 90, and 180 days). Proton high-resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (1H HRMAS NMR) spectroscopy, combined with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis, was applied to intact cheese samples. The combination of this spectroscopic technique with chemometric methods allows for the characterization of each type of sheep milk cheese according to its geographical origin and production method (artisanal or industrial), as well as the estimation of ripening time. The results demonstrate that HRMAS NMR spectroscopy enables the rapid and direct analysis of cheese samples, providing a comprehensive profile of their metabolites—a metabolic ‘fingerprint’. PB MDPI YR 2025 FD 2025 LK https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/123005 UL https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/123005 LA eng NO Castejón, D., Segura, J., Cruz-Díaz, K. P., Romero-de-Ávila, M. D., Fernández-Valle, M. E., Remiro, V., Villa-Valverde, P., & Cambero, M. I. (2025). 1H HRMAS NMR Metabolomics for the Characterization and Monitoring of Ripening in Pressed-Curd Ewe's Milk Cheeses Produced Through Enzymatic Coagulation. Foods (Basel, Switzerland), 14(13), 2355. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14132355 NO Contribución de autores:Conceptualization, M.I.C.; methodology, M.I.C. and D.C.; software, D.C., M.E.F.-V. and P.V.-V.; validation, V.R. and K.P.C.-D.; formal analysis, D.C., M.I.C. and J.S.; investigation, K.P.C.-D., V.R., D.C., P.V.-V., M.I.C. and M.E.F.-V.; data curation, D.C., M.E.F.-V., P.V.-V. and K.P.C.-D.; writing—original draft preparation, J.S. and M.I.C.; writing—review and editing, J.S., V.R., M.I.C., M.D.R.-d.-Á. and D.C.; visualization, M.I.C., J.S. and M.D.R.-d.-Á.; supervision, M.I.C. and M.D.R.-d.-Á.; project administration, M.I.C. and M.D.R.-d.-Á.; funding acquisition, M.I.C. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. NO Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España) DS Docta Complutense RD 19 ene 2026